BASIC DESIGN CONCEPTS

OF INDUSTRIAL PLANTS
SYSTEM AND EQUIPMENT
B S M E V-A
 These are the Reporters…

•TEDDY GALO •EZRA SONN TANGOG •CHARLIE RAMIREZ •ELMER MONTER •ALDRIEN
ARIQUE
 STEAM GENERATION

Steam is water in the gas phase, which is formed when water boils or evaporates

BOILERS
BOILERS
BOILERS

■ An apparatus used to produced steam.

■ Is a closed vessel in which fluid (generally
water) is heated.
THE STEAM PRODUCED IS USED
FOR:
■ Heating the residential and industrial buildings
■ Performing certain processes in the sugar mills,
drying of materials, chemical and textile industries.
BOILER PROPERTIES

•Safety - The boiler should be safe under operating conditions.

•Accessibility - The various parts of the boiler should be
accessible for repair and maintenance.
•Capacity - Should be capable of supplying steam according to
the requirements.
BOILER PROPERTIES

•Efficiency. Should be able to absorb a maximum amount of heat

produced due to burning of fuel in the furnace.
•It should be simple in construction
•Its initial cost and maintenance cost should be low.
•The boiler should have no joints exposed to flames.
•Should be capable of quick starting and loading.
CLASSIFICATION OF BOILERS

1.FIRE TUBE
2.WATER TUBE
FIRE TUBE BOILERS
WATER TUBE BOILER
Fire Tube Boiler
vs
Water Tube Boiler
MERITS OF WATER TUBE OVER FIRE TUBE
BOILERS:
>
■ 1. Generation of steam is much quicker due to small ratio of
water content to steam content. This also helps in reaching the
steaming temperature in short time.
■ 2. Its evaporative capacity is considerably larger and the steam
pressure range is also high-200 bar.
■ 3. Heating surfaces are more effective as the hot gases travel at
right angles to the direction of water flow.
 >

■ 4. The combustion efficiency is higher because complete

combustion of fuel is possible as the combustion space is much
larger.
■ 5. The thermal stresses in the boiler parts are less as different
parts of the boiler remain at uniform temperature due to quick
circulation of water.
■ 6. The boiler can be easily transported and erected as its
different parts can be separated.
 >

■ 7. Damage due to the bursting of water tube is less serious.

Therefore, water tube boilers are sometimes called safety
boilers.
■ 8. All parts of the water tube boilers are easily accessible for
cleaning, inspecting and repairing.
DEMERITS:
<

■ 1. It is less suitable for impure and sedimentary water, as a

small deposit of scale may cause the overheating and bursting
of tube. Therefore, use of pure feed water is essential.
■ 2. They require careful attention. The maintenance costs are
higher.
■ 3. Failure in feed water supply even for short period is liable
to make the boiler over-heated.
MERITS OF FIRE TUBE OVER WATER
TUBE BOILERS:
<

■ Low cost
■ Fluctuations of steam demand can be met easily
■ It is compact in size.
Therefore…

“The rule of thumb is that if you have a very constant

and steady load that doesn’t vary much, than the firetube
boiler may work well. If you have a swing or varying
load, then the watertube boiler is generally a better
choice”.
 MAIN PARTS OF BOILER

Burner - initiates the combustion reaction within the boiler. 

 MAIN PARTS OF BOILER

Forced Drought Fan - it blows the fire to continuously keep the

fire alive.  
 MAIN PARTS OF BOILER

Induced Fan - removes flue gases.  

 MAIN PARTS OF BOILER

Fuel Transmission Fan - blows the fuel into the furnace.  

 MAIN PARTS OF BOILER

Economizer - are mechanical devices intended to reduce energy

consumption, or to perform useful function such as preheating a fluid.
 
 MAIN PARTS OF BOILER

Cooling Tower - a heat rejection device that rejects waste heat to the
atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower
temperature.
 Safety Features of a Boiler

Pressure Reducing Valve -  a type of safety valve used to control or limit

the pressure in a system; pressure might otherwise build up and create a
process upset, instrument or equipment failure, or fire.
 Safety Features of a Boiler

Pressure Gauge - is the analysis of an applied force by a fluid

on a surface. 
 Safety Features of a Boiler

Fusible Plug - is a fitting used in Steam Boilers to enhance the safety

during operation.
 Safety Features of a Boiler

Feed water Pump - a specific type of pump used to pump feed water into a
steam boiler.
What is the most important factor in a
plant?