VERBALS

Y. Wahyu Harumurti, M.Pd.

XII
Meaning?
 A word which is formed based on its verb
 Kinds of Verbal:
1. Gerund
2. Participle
3. Infinitive
 Gerund
 The ing- form of a verb which functions as a Noun
 The positions of Gerund:
1. As a subject
2. As object of certain verbs
3. As object of preposition
4. As predicate complement
5. After possessive adjectives
6. As Noun modifiers
7. In a short prohibition
 Gerund as the subject
 Examples:

1. Learning a foreign language requires a lot of

exercise.

2. Playing video games will destroy the children

minds.
Gerund as object of certain verbs

Examples:
1. The man admitted stealing the money

2. Have you finished delivering your speech?

 Certain Verbs followed
by Gerund
 Advise finish begin imagine
 Admit forget consider intend
 Allow forgive continue keep
 Anticipate neglect delay like
 Appreciate permit deny try
 Avoid practice detest love
 Enjoy prefer dislike mind
 Excuse prevent dread regret
 Fancy hate risk start
 propose resent remember stop
 suggest
 Gerund as object of prep.
 Kinds of preposition: in, on, at, of, before, after,
with etc
 Examples:

1. Most students are very weak in writing.

2. What do you usually do before going to bed?
 Gerund as predicate complement

 Usually it comes after “to be”

Examples:
1. Her hobby is gossiping
2. Her main ambition is being an accountant.
 Gerund after possessive adjectives

 The possessive adjectives are: their, our, my, your,

his, her, its, Anton’s

Examples:
1. Would you mind my smoking here?
2. We don’t like Mary’s behaving.
 Gerund as a noun modifier
 Examples:
1. My father doesn’t like to use walking stick.
2. Did the school buy the printing machine?
Gerund in a short prohibition
Examples:
No Smoking!
No Parking!
 PARTICIPLE
 Present participle
the ing- form of a verb functioned as verbal
adjective

 Past participle
the participle form of a verb functioned as adjective
 Present participle
It comes:
1. After verbs of sense
see V-ing: incomplete
hear action
listen to
S + look at + object +
watch
observe V1: complete action
feel
perceive
examples
 Did you see them discussing the
material?

 Do you like to listen to the birds singing

in the morning?
Cont’
2. After “catch/ find + object + V- ing”
e.g. I caught her smoking.

3. S + spend/ waste + time/money + V-ing

e.g. She spends time shopping.

4. S + come, go + V-ing
S + to be + busy + V-ing
INFINITIVE

1. To infinitive ( to V1)
2. Infinitive without to / bare infinitive
(V1)
 To infinitive
 S + V + to V1
I want to buy a new typewriter

 S + V + object + to V1
Father always encourages us to study harder
The robber forced them to open the door.
 Infinitive without to
1. after the causative verbs: let, make, have
S + let, make, have + object + V1
e.g. She let him go.

2. After modal auxiliaries (can, may, must, will,

etc)
e.g. I would rather sleep than go outside playing
game.
 Notes
1. There are some expressions which always
followed by V- ing

Look forward to
Object to
Be used to
Get used to
Get accustomed to V- ing
Be accustomed to
be worth
It’s no use/ good
Can’t help/ bear/stand
exrcise
Complete the sentences using verbals!
1. Anne challenged me (race) _____ her across the pool.
2. David volunteered (bring) ____some food to the
reception.
3. the students practiced (pronunce) ____ the “th” sound in
the phrase “these thirty dirty trees”
4. In the fairy tale, the wolf threatened (eat) ____ a girl
named Little Red Riding Hood.
5. Susie! How many times do I have to remind you (hang
up)____ your coat when you get home from school?
6. The horses struggled (full) ____ the wagon out of the mud.
7. Janice demanded (know) _____ why she had been fired.

8. My skin can't tolerate (be) ___ in the sun all day long. I get sun burned
easily.
9. I avoided (tell) ____ Mary the truth because I knew she would be angry.
10. Fred Washington claim (be) ____ a descendent of George Washington.
11. Alex broke the antique vase. I'm sure he didn't mean (do) _____it
12. I urged all (return) ____ to school and (finish) ____ his education.
13. Mrs. Freeman can't help (worry) _____ about her children.
14. Children! I forbid you (play) _____ in the street. There's too much traffic.
15. My little cousin is a blabber mouth! He can't resist (tell) ____ everyone
my secret.