Gas Stoichiometry

Moles  Liters of a Gas:

– STP - use 22.4 L/mol
– Non-STP - use ideal gas law

Non-STP
– Given liters of gas?
• start with ideal gas law
– Looking for liters of gas?
• start with stoichiometry conversion

Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

Gas Stoichiometry Problem
What volume of CO2 forms from 5.25 g of
CaCO3 at 103 kPa & 25ºC?
CaCO3  CaO + CO2
?L
5.25 g non-STP
Looking for liters: Start with stoich
and calculate moles of CO2.

5.25 g 1 mol 1 mol

CaCO3 CaCO3 CO2
= 1.26 mol CO2
100.09g 1 mol
Plug this into the Ideal
CaCO3 CaCO3 Gas Law to find liters.
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
 Gas Stoichiometry Problem
• What volume of CO2 forms from 5.25 g of
CaCO3 at 103 kPa & 25ºC?
GIVEN: WORK:
P = 103 kPa PV = nRT
V=?
n = 1.26 mol
(103 kPa)V
T = 25°C = 298 K =(1mol)(8.315dm kPa/molK)(298K)
3

R = 8.315 dm3kPa/molK
V = 1.26 dm3 CO2
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
 Gas Stoichiometry Problem
How many grams of Al2O3 are formed from 15.0 L of
O2 at 97.3 kPa & 21°C?
4 Al + 3 O2  2 Al2O3
15.0 L
non-STP ?g
GIVEN: WORK: Given liters: Start with
Ideal Gas Law and
P = 97.3 kPa PV = nRT calculate moles of O2.
V = 15.0 L
n=?
(97.3 kPa) (15.0 L)
T = 21°C = 294 K = n (8.315dm kPa/molK) (294K)
3

NEXT 
R = 8.315 dm3kPa/molK
n = 0.597 mol O2
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
 Gas Stoichiometry Problem
How many grams of Al2O3 are formed
from 15.0 L of O2 at 97.3 kPa & 21°C?
4 Al + 3 O2  2 Al2O3
15.0L
Use stoich to convert moles non-STP
?g
of O2 to grams Al2O3.

0.597 2 mol Al2O3 101.96 g

mol O2 Al2O3
3 mol O2 = 40.6 g Al2O3
1 mol
Al2O3
Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem
 Gas Stoichiometry
Find vol. hydrogen gas made when 38.2 g zinc react w/excess hydrochloric acid.
Pres. = 107.3 kPa; temp.= 88oC.

Zn (s) + 2 HCl (aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

38.2 g excess XL
(13.1 L) P = 107.3 kPa
T = 88oC
1 mol Zn 1 mol H2 22.4 L O2
x L H2 = 38.2 g Zn = 13.1 L H2
65.4 g Zn 1 mol Zn 1 mol H2
Zn H2
Combined
At STP, we’d use 22.4 L per 1 mol, but we aren’t at STP. Gas Law

1 mol Zn 1 mol H2
x mol H2 = 38.2 g Zn = 0.584 mol H2
65.4 g Zn 1 mol Zn
88oC + 273 = 361 K

0.584 mol (8.314 L.kPa/mol.K)(361 K)

PV = nRT V= nRT = = 16.3 L
P 107.3 kPa
 Gas Stoichiometry
Find vol. hydrogen gas made when 38.2 g zinc react w/excess hydrochloric acid.
Pres. = 107.3 kPa; temp.= 88oC.

Zn (s) + 2 HCl (aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

38.2 g excess XL
(13.1 L) P = 107.3 kPa
T = 88oC
1 mol Zn 1 mol H2 22.4 L O2
x L H2 = 38.2 g Zn = 13.1 L H2
65.4 g Zn 1 mol Zn 1 mol H2
Zn H2
Combined
At STP, we’d use 22.4 L per 1 mol, but we aren’t at STP. Gas Law

P1 = 101.3 kPa P1 x V 1 P2 x V 2 (101.3 kPa) x (13.1 L) = (107.3 kPa) x (V 2)

T1 = 273 K =
T1 T2 273 K 361 K
V1 = 13.1 L
P2 = 107.3 kPa
88 oC + 273 = 361 K V2 = 16.3 L
T2 =
XL
V2 =
 What mass solid magnesium is required to react w/250 mL carbon dioxide
at 1.5 atm and 77oC to produce solid magnesium oxide and solid carbon?

2 Mg (s) + CO2 (g) 2 MgO (s) + C (s)

X g Mg 250 mL
0.25 L

V = 250 mL 0.25 L
oC + 273 = K
T = 77oC 350 K
P = 1.5 atm 151.95 kPa

PV 151.95
1.5 kPaatm (0.250 L)
PV = nRT n= n= = 0.013 mol CO2
RT 0.0821
8.314 LL.kPa
.
mol.K.K (350 K)
atm/ /mol

2 mol Mg 24.3 g Mg
x g Mg = 0.013 mol CO2 = 0.63 g Mg
1 mol CO2 1 mol Mg
CO2 Mg
 Gas Stoichiometry
How many liters of chlorine gas are needed to react with excess sodium metal
to yield 5.0 g of sodium chloride when T = 25oC and P = 0.95 atm?
2 Na + Cl2 2 NaCl
excess XL 5g

1 mol NaCl 1 mol Cl2 22.4 L Cl2

x g Cl2 = 5 g NaCl = 0.957 L Cl2
58.5 g NaCl 2 mol NaCl 1 mol Cl2

P1 x V 1 P2 x V 2
P1 = 1 atm
Ideal Gas
Method =
T1 = 273 K T1 T2
V1 = 0.957 L
P2 = 0.95 atm (1 atm) x (0.957 L) (0.95 atm) x (V2)
=
T2 = 25 oC + 273 = 298 K 273 K 298 K
V2 = XL
V2 = 1.04 L
 Gas Stoichiometry
How many liters of chlorine gas are needed to react with excess sodium metal
to yield 5.0 g of sodium chloride when T = 25oC and P = 0.95 atm?
2 Na + Cl2 2 NaCl
excess XL 5g

1 mol NaCl 1 mol Cl2

x g Cl2 = 5 g NaCl = 0.0427 mol Cl2
58.5 g NaCl 2 mol NaCl

nRT
P = 0.95 atm
Ideal Gas
Method PV = nRT V =
P
T = 25 oC + 273 = 298 K
V= XL
R = 0.0821 L.atm / mol.K 0.0427 mol (0.0821 L.atm / mol.K) (298 K)
XL=
n = 0.0427 mol 0.95 atm

V = 1.04 L