Opening Prayer

Starting Activity
You are given a dare to breath-in a balloon full of helium and then
speak to your friends after you have done it.

1. What do you think will happen next?

2. Why do our voices change when we breath in different gases?
Learning Targets
Apply the principles of stoichiometry to determine the amounts
(volume, number of moles, or mass) of gaseous reactants and
products.

Relate the rate of gas effusion with molar mass.

Gas Stoichiometry
Two Types of Gas Stoichiometry Problems
1. STP gases (STP - use 22.4 L/mol)
2. Non-STP gases (Non-STP - use ideal gas law)

Moles  Liters of a Gas: Non-STP

◦ STP - use 22.4 L/mol
◦ Non-STP - use ideal gas law
◦ *STP = 0°C @ 1 atm
Given liters of gas?
start with ideal gas law
Looking for liters of gas?
start with stoichiometry conversion
Gas Stoichiometry
What to do?
1. Write a reaction.
2. Find moles (gram-mole conversions, molarity, and ideal gas law)
3. Do a stoichiometric conversion between chemicals
4. Answer the question
1. 22.4 L/mol for STP gases
2. PV = nRT for non-STP gases
Gas Stoichiometry
Constants
Pressure (P) Temperature (T) Volume (V) Moles (n)
Atmosphere (atm) Kelvin ONLY Liter (L) =6.0221 x10^23
Kilopascal (kPa) Milliliter (mL) = g/mols
1 atm = 101.3 kPa To convert to 1000 mL = 1L = 22.4L/mol
1 atm = 760 mm Hg Kelvin, simply
1 atm = 760 torr add 273.15
Gas Stoichiometry
Constants
Gas Stoichiometry Problem
What volume of CO2 forms from 5.25 g of CaCO3 at 103 kPa & 25ºC?

CaCO3  CaO + CO2

5.25 g ?L
Looking for liters: Start with stoich and non-STP
calculate moles of CO2.

5.25 g 1 mol 1 mol

CaCO3 CaCO3 CO2
= 1.26 mol CO2
100.09g 1 mol
Plug this into the Ideal
CaCO3 CaCO3 Gas Law to find liters.
Gas Stoichiometry Problem

What volume of CO2 forms from 5.25 g of CaCO3 at 103 kPa & 25ºC?

GIVEN: WORK:
P = 103 kPa to atm = PV = nRT
1.0168 atm
V=?
(1.0168 atm)V
n = 1.26 mol =(1.26 mol)(0.08206 Latm/molK)(298K)
T = 25°C = 298 K
R = 0.08206 Latm/molK V = 1.17 L of CO2
Gas Stoichiometry Problem
How many grams of Al2O3 are formed from 15.0 L of O2 at
97.3 kPa & 21°C?

4 Al + 3 O2  2 Al2O3
15.0 L
non-STP ?g
GIVEN: WORK: Given liters: Start with
Ideal Gas Law and
P = 97.3 kPa PV = nRT calculate moles of O2.
V = 15.0 L
n = ? mol
(0.961 atm) (15.0 L)
T = 21°C = 294.15 K = n (0.08206 Latm/molK) (294K)
R = 0.08206 Latm/molK n = _0.597_ mol O2
Gas Stoichiometry Problem
How many grams of Al2O3 are formed from 15.0
L of O2 at 97.3 kPa & 21°C?
4 Al + 3 O2  2 Al2O3
Use stoic to convert moles 15.0L ?g
of O2 to grams Al2O3. non-STP
101.96 g
0.597 mol O2 2 mol Al2O3 Al2O3
= 40.614 g Al2O3
3 mol O2 1 mol
Al2O3
Gas Stoichiometry Problem

What volume of hydrogen gas will form at STP when 30.0 g of

sodium react with an excess of hydrochloric acid, HCl?
__Na + __HCl ____NaCl + ___ H2
Given: (@ STP)
30g Na
HCl = Excess
H2 = ? L
Gas Stoichiometry Problem

What volume of hydrogen gas will form when 30.0 g of sodium

react with an excess of hydrochloric acid, HCl @ 3 atm and 5°C?
__Na + __HCl ____NaCl + ___ H2
Given: (@ STP)
30g Na
HCl = Excess
H2 = ? L
Gas Stoichiometry
How many liters of chlorine gas are needed to react with excess sodium metal
to yield 5.0 g of sodium chloride when T = 25oC and P = 0.95 atm?

2 Na + Cl2 2 NaCl
excess XL 5g

1 mol NaCl 1 mol Cl2 22.4 L Cl2

x g Cl2 = 5 g NaCl = 0.957 L Cl2
58.5 g NaCl 2 mol NaCl 1 mol Cl2

P1 x V1 P2 x V2
P1 = 1 atm
Ideal Gas
Method =
T1 = 273 K T1 T2
V1 = 0.957 L
P2 = 0.95 atm (1 atm) x (0.957 L) (0.95 atm) x (V2)
=
T2 = 25 oC + 273 = 298 K 273 K 298 K
V2 = XL
V2 = 1.04 L
Gas Stoichiometry
How many liters of chlorine gas are needed to react with excess sodium metal
to yield 5.0 g of sodium chloride when T = 25oC and P = 0.95 atm?

2 Na + Cl2 2 NaCl
excess XL 5g

1 mol NaCl 1 mol Cl2

x g Cl2 = 5 g NaCl = 0.0427 mol Cl2
58.5 g NaCl 2 mol NaCl

nRT
P = 0.95 atm PV = nRT
Ideal Gas
Method V =
P
T = 25 oC + 273.15 = 298 K
V= XL
R = 0.0821 L.atm / mol.K 0.0427 mol (0.0821 L.atm / mol.K) (298.15 K)
XL=
n = 0.0427 mol 0.95 atm

V = 1.04 L
Graham’s Law of Effusion
Based from the Kinetic molecular theory, the average kinetic energy is
directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

KE(A) = KE(B)
kT = kT
½ a(mv) = ½ b(mv)
½ a(nmv) = ½ b(nmv)
Va/Vb

Where v = velocity of molecules at a given temperature.

Graham’s Law of Effusion
Based from the Kinetic molecular theory, the average kinetic energy is
directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

KE(A) = KE(B)
kT = kT
½ a(mv) = ½ b(mv)
r^1/r^2 = √m2/m1
Where r =rate of effusion and m are the molar masses
Graham’s Law of Effusion
What is the rate of effusion between Helium and Argon
Solution:
Get the Molar mass of each
He = 4 Ar = 39.95

=r1/r2 = m2/m1 (substitute)

= r1/r2 = (39.95)/(4) (Divide and square root)
= r1 = 3.16
Scaffold 4
Subject Reflection: write a reflective journal on your notebook based on
the given question and upload a copy of your work o your Genyo
Account.

1. What was your most favorite topic to learn in our subject?

2. What was the most difficult task that you are able to accomplish?
3. What is the most significant lesson that you have been taught in our
subject?
Offline Activity
Solve for the following: (5 pts. Each – Show your solution and upload your answers
in a word document.)

1. What volume of hydrogen gas will form at STP when 50.0 g of sodium react with an
excess of hydrochloric acid, HCl?
2. What mass of potassium chlorate will be needed to make 500. mL of oxygen at
25.0 oC and 800. torr? KClO3 KCl + O2

3. What volume (L) of oxygen will form when 40.0g of calcium chlorate decompose at
352oC and 901 torr?

4. What is the rate of effusion of two gases, mainly Hydrogen and Chlorine?