GAS STOICHIOMETRY

At STP

• Always use 22.4L (constant volume)

Example 1
What is the volume of 2.5 mol of Argon
gas at STP?

Note: 1 mole of gas = 22.4 L st STP

Solution:
2.5 mol Ar x 22.4 L Ar = 56 L Ar
1 mol Ar
 At STP

2. How many moles are present in 175 L of

oxygen gas at STP?

Sol’n:
175 L O2 x 1 mol O2 = 7.8 mol O2
22.4 L O2
 At STP

3. Calculate the volume of oxygen needed to react

with 7.00 L H2 at STP.

H2(g) + O2(g) H2O(g)

Sol’n:
7. 00 L H2 x 1 mol H2 x 1 mol O2 x 22.4 L O2 = 156. 8 L O2 = 3.50 L O2
22.4 L H2 2 mol H2 1 mol O2 44.8
 At STP

3. Calculate the volume of oxygen needed to react

with 7.00 L H2 at STP.
2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2(g)

Other Solution: (assuming that the ratio of the volumes will O2 and
H2 be equal to the ratio of their coefficients in
the balanced equation for the reaction)
7. 00 L H2 x 1 L O2 = 3.50 L O2
2 L H2
 At STP

3. Calculate the mass of Na2CO3 needed to generate

3.00 L CO2 at STP.
Na2CO3 Na2O(s) + CO2(g)

3 L CO2 x 1mol CO2 x 1 mol Na2CO3 x 105.99 g Na2CO3 = 14. 2 g Na2CO3

22. 4 L CO2 1 mol CO2 1 mol Na2CO3

 At Non-STP

Use Stoichiometry First

• When the given is in mass of solid but
need volume of a gas.
1. Use stoichiometry to convert to moles
of gas
2. Use PV=nRT to solve for volume.

• PV=nRT is only for gases

• Stoichiometry is used when converting
from one substance to another.
 At Non-STP

Example 1
What volume of of CO2 forms from 5.25 g of
CaCO3 at 1.0 atm and 25oC?
CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)

Given: 5.25 g CaCO3 Unknown: __?___ L (non-STP)

Note: s g stoichiometry first mol of gas CO2

 At Non-STP

Mass to Mole

5.25 g CaCO3 x 1 mol CaCO3 x 1 mol CO2 = 0.0525 mol CO2

100.09 g CaCO3 1 mol CaCO3

Given: PV = nRT

P = 1.00 atm T = 25oC + 273K = 298K

V=? R = 0.0821 L . atm (constant)
n = 0.0525 mol mol . K
 At Non-STP

Given: PV = nRT

P = 1.00 atm T = 25oC + 273K = 298K

V=? R = 0.0821 L . atm (constant)
n = 0.0525 mol mol . K

PV = nRT
P P
V = nRT (substitute and perform the operations)
P
 At Non-STP

V = nRT
P
= (0.0525 mol) (0.0821 L . atm/mol.K) (298 K)
1.00 atm

= 1.28 L CO2
 At Non-STP

Use PV=nRT First

 When the given is in volume of gas but
need mass of solid.

1. Use PV=nRT to find moles of gas (n)

2. Use stoichiometry to convert to mass
of solid.
 At Non-STP

Example 1
How many grams of LiOH are
needed to remove all the CO2 from the
enclosed space of a spaceship whose
volume is 2.4 × 105 L? The partial
pressure of CO2 is 7.9×10-3 atm and the
temperature is 296 K.
 At Non-STP

Solution:
Use PV = nRT to find the number of moles

n = PV
RT

n =(7.9×10-3 atm)(2.4 × 105 L) = 78.0 mol CO

(0.0821 L⋅atm mol⋅K) (296 K)
 At Non-STP

Use stoichiometry (mole to mass) to determine the required

mass of LiOH

78.0 mol CO2 × 2 mol LiOH × 23.95 g LiOH = 3.7×103 g LiOH

1 mol CO2 1 mol LiOH
 Other Example:

Propane, C3H8(g), is used in gas grills to

provide the heat for cooking. What volume of O2(g)
measured at 25 °C and 760 torr is required to
react with 2.7 L of propane measured under the
same conditions of temperature and pressure
(STP)? Assume that the propane undergoes
complete combustion.

C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O

 Other Example:

Solution: (The ratio of the volumes of C3H8 and O2 will

be equal to the ratio of their coefficients in the
balanced equation for the reaction)

2.7 L C3H8 x 5 L O2 = 13.5 L O2

1 L C3H8

OR (you can also use 22.4L for volume since at STP)