Chapter 10 Gases

10.9
Gas Laws and Chemical Reactions

Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

1
Gases in Equations

The volume or amount of a gas in a chemical reaction

can be calculated from:

• STP conditions or the Ideal Gas Law

• Mole factors from the balanced equation

2
STP and Gas Equations

What volume (L) of O2 gas is needed to completely

react with 15.0 g of aluminum at STP?
4Al(s) + 3O2 (g) 2Al2O3(s)

Plan: g Al mol Al mol O2 L O2 (STP)

15.0 g Al x 1 mol Al x 3 mol O2 x 22.4 L (STP)

26.98 g Al 4 mol Al 1 mol O2

= 9.34 L O2 at STP

3
Ideal Gas Equation and Reactions

What volume (L) of Cl2 gas at 1.2 atm and 27°C is

needed to completely react with 1.5 g of
aluminum?
2Al(s) + 3Cl2 (g) 2AlCl3(s)

4
Ideal Gas Equation and Reactions

2Al(s) + 3Cl2 (g) 2AlCl3(s)

1.5 g ? L 1.2 atm, 300K
1. Calculate the moles of Cl2 needed.
1.5 g Al x 1 mol Al x 3 mol Cl2 = 0.083 mol Cl2
26.98 g Al 2 mol Al

2. Place the moles Cl2 in the ideal gas equation.

V = nRT =(0.083 mol Cl2)(0.0821 L atm/mol K)(300 K)
P 1.2 atm
= 1.7 L Cl2

5
Learning Check

What volume (L) of O2 at 24°C and 0.950 atm are

needed to react with 28.0 g NH3?

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

6
Solution

1. Calculate the moles of O2 needed.

28.0 g NH3 x 1 mol NH3 x 5 mol O2
17.03 g NH3 4 mol NH3
= 2.06 mol O2
2. Place the moles of O2 in the ideal gas equation.
V = nRT =(2.06 mol)(0.0821 L atm/mol K)(297 K)
P 0.950 atm
= 52.9 L O2