INDUCTION MOTORS

Part 2.
(6)

Dr. Pedro Bañuelos Sánchez

 THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR
• An induction motor relies for its operation
on the induction of voltages and currents in
its rotor circuit from the stator circuit.
• Because the induction of voltages and
currents in the rotor circuit of an induction
motor is essentially a transformer operation,
the equivalent circuit of an induction motor
will turn out to be very similar to the
equivalent circuit of a transformer.
 THE TRANSFORMER MODEL OF AN
INDUCTION MOTOR

aeff

The per-phase equivalent circuit:

R1: stator resistance
X1: stator reactance
Rc: core resistance
XM: magnetizing reactance
Rr: rotor resistance
Xr: rotor reactance
THE TRANSFORMER MODEL OF AN
INDUCTION MOTOR

R1: stator resistance

X1: stator reactance
Rc: core resistance
XM: magnetizing reactance
R2: rotor resistance, referred to primary
X2: rotor reactance, referred to primary
 THE TRANSFORMER MODEL OF AN
INDUCTION MOTOR
E1  aeff E R 0
IR
I2  Where:
aeff ER0: induced rotor voltage at stalled rotor
aeff: effective turns ratio
XR:reactance at stalled rotor
R2  a RR
2
eff

X 2  a X R0
2
eff

X R  r LR  2f r LR  2sf e LR
X R  s  2f e LR   sX R 0
 V
I1 
Z eq
1
Z eq  R1  jX 1 
1
GC  jBM 
R2
 jX 2
s
The stator copper losses in the three phases are given by:

Pjs  3I R1 1
2
The core losses are given by:

Pf  3E12GC

so the air-gap power can be found as:

Pr  Pe  Pjs  Pf
or
R2
Pr  3I 2
2
s
The actual resistive losses in the rotor circuit are given by the equation:

Pjr  3I R2 RR
or :
Pjr  3I 22 R2
And the developed mechanical power:

Pm  Pr  Pjr
R2
Pm  3I 22  3I 22 R2
s
1 
Pm  3I 2 R2   1
2

s 
1 s 
Pm  3I 2 R2 
2

 s 
 QUIZ:
• A 460-V, 25-hp, 60-Hz, four-pole, Y-connected induction motor has the
following impedances in ohms per phase referred to the stator circuit:
• R1 = 0.641 Ω, X1= 1.106 Ω
• R2 = 0.332 Ω, X2 = 0.464 Ω, XM = 26.3 Ω
• The total rotational losses are 1100 W and are assumed to be constant. The
core loss is lumped in with the rotational losses. For a rotor slip of 2.2
percent at the rated voltage and rated frequency, find the motor's
• (a) Speed
• (b) Stator current
• ( c) Power factor
• (d) Pm and PL
• (e) induced torque, and load torque
• (f) Efficiency