Statistical

Tabular method
 Statistical
Parts of a Table
Table number: This is for easy reference to the table.
Table Title: It briefly explains the content of the table.
Column Header: It describes the data in each column.
Row classifier: It shows the classes or categories.
Body: This is the main part of the table.
Source note: This is placed below the table when the
data written are not original.
 Table 4 Table Number
Distribution of Students in XYZ High School According to Year Level Table Title

Year Level Number of Students Column Header

First year 300
Row Second year 250
Classifier Third year 285 Body
Fourth year 215
N = 1050
Source: XYZ High School Registrar Source Note
 Statistical
Frequency distribution table

A Frequency distribution table is a table

which shows the data arranged into
different classes and the number of cases
which fall into each class.
 Statistical
In constructing a frequency distribution table, we should
be guided by the number of data gathered. There are no
rules on the correct or appropriate number of classes
which should be adopted, but we should always bear in
mind that grouping may result in loss of some
information and thus, very few classes will lead to
distortion of facts. Nevertheless, although there is no
fixed rule regarding the number of class intervals, the
following suggestions are in order:
 Statistical

1. Avoid using fewer than 6 or more than 15

classes. The number of classes in a given
situation depends on the nature, magnitude,
and range of data.
2. Make sure that each item goes into one and
only one class.
Steps in constructing a Statistical
frequency distribution table:

•Decide on the number of classes. Highest value –

•Determine the class with (i); lowest value
i=
•When the data are whole Desired number
of classes
numbers, i should also be a whole
number.
•When the data are in one-decimal
place, i should also be in one
decimal place.
 Statistical

•Unless otherwise specified, always start the

lowest class with the lowest value of the raw
data, in order to minimize the errors.
•Tally the frequencies for each class, until the
highest value is reached.
•The last class interval can go beyond the highest
value in observation as long as the obtained is
followed.
 Statistical
Example 1: Using the test scores of 50
students in statistics (shown below),
construct a grouped frequency
distribution table.
25 30 18 17 50 12 43 35 40 9
33 37 41 21 20 31 35 46 10 36
28 19 18 13 28 16 42 27 28 31
40 48 40 39 32 32 26 13 3 50
26 15 14 10 38 35 34 29 30 20
 Table 3.3 Table Number
The Grouped Frequency Distribution for the test scores
of 50 Students in statistics. Table Title
Class interval(ci) Frequency(F) Class Mark(X) Class Boundaries Column Header
3-8 1 5.5 2.5-8.5
9-14 7 11.5 8.5-14.5
15-20 8 17.5 14.5-20.5
21-26 4 23.5 20.5-26.5
27-32 11 29.5 26.5-32.5 Body
33-38 8 35.5 32.5-38.5
39-44 7 41.5 38.5-44.5
45-50 4 47.5 44.5-50.5
N = 50
Row
Classifier
 Statistical
Example 2: The following are the entrance
examination scores of 60 students.
19 31 36 26 34 32
44 33 37 39 45 21
24 38 40 42 39 32
43 18 24 32 49 33
33 33 40 24 46 22
29 33 37 30 43 43
26 39 57 30 40 33
25 33 48 39 34 29
29 37 39 35 41 29
23 32 48 28 45 19
 Statistical

Construct a
frequency
distribution table
of 10 classes.
Relative Frequency Statistical
Distribution (rf)

Relative Frequency
Distribution is a table which
lists the relative frequencies
of each class
 Statistical

Class interval(ci) Frequency(F) Class Relative Frequency (rf)

Mark/Midpoint(X)

18 – 23 6 0.1000
24 – 29 11 0.1833
30 – 35 17 0.2833
36 – 41 14
42 – 47 8
48 – 53 3
54 – 59 1
N=60
Cumulative Frequency Statistical
Distribution (cf)

is a table which shows the

number of cases falling
below a particular value
Less than cumulative Statistical
frequency starts from the top
Class interval(ci) Class Mark/Midpoint(X) Frequency(F) Less than Cumulative
Frequency (<cf)

18 – 23 6 6
24 – 29 11 17
30 – 35 17 34
36 – 41 14
42 – 47 8
48 – 53 3
54 – 59 1
N=60
Greater than cumulative Statistical
frequency starts from the bottom
Class interval(ci) Class Mark/Midpoint(X) Frequency(F) Less than Cumulative
Frequency (<cf)

18 – 23 6
24 – 29 11
30 – 35 17
36 – 41 14
42 – 47 8 12
48 – 53 3 4
54 – 59 1 1
N=60
 Statistical

Graphical method
 Statistical
Bar Graph/ Bar Chart

Is a graph represented by either

vertical or horizontal rectangles whose
bases represents the class intervals
and whose heights represent the
frequencies
 Statistical
Histogram

Is a graph represented by vertical

or horizontal rectangles whose
bases are the class marks and
whose heights are the frequencies.
 Statistical
Frequency Polygon

Is a line graph whose bases

are the class marks and
whose heights are the
frequencies.
 Statistical
Pie Chart

Is a circle graph showing the

proportion of each class through
either the relative or percentage
frequency
 Statistical
Ogive
Is a line graph where the bases are
the class boundaries and the
heights are the <cf for less than
ogive and >cf for greater than
ogive.
Construct a pie chart andStatistical
a bar graph for
the ff. table
Year Level Number of Students
First Year 400
Second Year 320
Third Year 285
Fourth Year 175
Total 1180
 Statistical
Gather data from all the members
of your statistics class:
Data: The ages of the mothers
of all your classmates.
 Statistical

Prepare a complete frequency

distribution table for the gathered
data (ci, f, x, class boundaries, <cf,
>cf, rf) . And construct the 5 types of
graph (bar, histogram, frequency
polygon, pie, ogive).