VOLCANI

ERUPTIONS AND ACTIVITY

C
MT. HIBOK- HIBOK
ERUPTIONS AND VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES
MT.HIBOK- HIBOK
Hibok-Hibok volcano (also known as Catarman volcano) is the youngest and
the only historically active volcano on Camiguin Island, which is located 9 km off the
north coast of Mindanao Island, Philippines.
Camiguin island itself is a 292 sq km oblate, 20 km long island composed of 4
overlapping stratovolcanoes and some flank cones. Eruptions of Hibok-Hibok
volcano are often Pelean-type, i.e. dome building and the generation of nuées
ardentes (hot pyroclastic flows generated by partial dome collapse). Prior to the
1948 eruption, sulfur was mined at the crater of Hibok-Hibok.

Mt. Hibok- Hibok Eruption

MT.HIBOK- HIBOK

Mt. Hibok- Hibok Eruption

 MT.HIBOK- HIBOK ERUPTIONS
Hibok-Hibok has erupted five times in modern history. The first recorded eruption occurred in 1827 and a similar
activity followed in 1862.
 1871 to 1875
On February 16, 1871, earthquakes and subterranean rumblings began to be felt on the island, which increased in
severity until April 30 when a volcanic fissure opened up 400 yards southwest of the village of Catarman, on the northwest
flank of Hibok-hibok Volcano. From the opening, lava was continuously ejected and poured into the sea for four years,
destroying the town. At the same time, the vent built a cone now known as Mt. Vulcan. In 1875, the Challenger
expedition visited the area, and described the mountain as a dome, about 1,950 feet (590 m) in height, without any crater, but
still smoking and incandescent at the top.
The portion of the town containing a cemetery has subsided into the sea and is now marked with a huge white cross
off the coast. The settlement was relocated to where the present Catarman town center is now located. The remains of old
Catarman like the ruins of the ancient Spanish church, convent and a bell tower is now called Gui-ob.
 1897 to 1902
In 1897, Hibok-Hibok emitted white sulfurous vapors which damaged farms on the island. Solfataric activity continued
up to 1902.
Mt. Hibok- Hibok Eruption
MT.HIBOK- HIBOK ERUPTIONS
 1948 to 1951
From 1948 to 1951, Mt. Hibok-Hibok constantly rumbled and smoked. There were also landslides and
earthquakes followed by dome building and nuee ardente. The Peléan eruption in 1948 from the Kanangkaan crater
caused little damage and loss of life. The eruption of 1949, originating from Itum crater caused 79 deaths due to
landslides. In the morning of December 4, 1951, the volcano erupted again. This, time, however, it unleashed boiling
lava, poisonous gases, and landslides enough to destroy nearly 19 square kilometres (7.3 sq mi) of land particularly
in Mambajao. All in all, over 3,000 people were killed. Before the eruption of Mt. Hibok-Hibok in 1951, the population of
Camiguin had reached 69,000. After the eruption, the population was reduced to about 34,000 due to massive
emigration.
Volcanologists observed an eruption pattern observed during the 1948-1952 eruptions (a cycle of four
phases) beginning with a short period of emission of steam from the crater and avalanches of volcanic materials,
followed by explosions or steam blast with emission of heavy clouds of steam, ash and other fragmentary volcanic
materials with a strong possibility of the development of pyroclastic flows. The third phase involves eruption of
incandescent materials, emission of ash and steam in large amounts, formation of flows and occasional minor crater
outbursts, and finally a decrease in steam and other ejecta from the crater.

Mt. Hibok- Hibok Eruption

A SOLAR-POWERED REMOTE MONITORING STATION
LOCATED AT HIBOK-HIBOK VOLCANO

Mt. Hibok- Hibok Eruption

PICTURES

Mt. Hibok- Hibok Eruption

PICTURES

Mt. Hibok- Hibok Eruption

VIDEO

Mt. Hibok- Hibok Eruption

SUBMITTED BY:
Joefrey P. Baluma
GRADE 12- ICT PROGRAMMING
SUBMITTED TO:

Dr. Christine V. Cubillo

Instructor