Volcanic Eruption

Disaster Mitigation
Mount Pinatubo
Let's begin!
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 Mount Pinatubo

Mount Pinatubo is an active stratovolcano in the

Zambales Mountains, located on the tripoint
boundary of the Philippine provinces of
Zambales, Tarlac and Pampanga, all in Central
Luzon on the northern island of Luzon.
 r m at i o n ! ! On the Island of Luzon in the Philippines in South East Asia lies the volcano

Land Fo that is Mount Pinatubo. It is located at the plate boundary between to the
Eurasian and Philippine Plate. It is one of a chain of volcanoes known as the
Luzon volcanic arc, which is the result of the Oceanic Philippine plate being
subducted under the lighter Continental Eurasian plate. The Volcano is slightly
offset from the plate boundary as, when the Oceanic plate is subducted it is
melted and forced away as molten magma by the high pressures exerted on it. It
then resurfaces as the density of the molten magma becomes lower than that of
the rock, and so it pushes it up through the small cracks and explodes out
through a volcano. It exploded in 1991 and had some catastrophic effects, both
for the people of the Philippines and the USA air force at Clarke airbase.
ords of Past Eruptions
15 June 1991, 3:39-10:34pm Inararo Eruptive Period --
THE MOST DESTRUCTIVE AND
>35,000 14C yr B.P.
LATEST ERUPTION
Eruptions of Mount Pinatubo
Eruption was probably the The largest eruption in the history
second largest explosive eruption of modern Pinatubo occurred
Pinatubo has had at least 6
of the 20th century, second in 35,000 (radiocarbon) years ago. It
periods of activity with large
size only to the Katmai 1912 deposited up to 100 m or more of
explosive eruptions in its past
eruption in Alaska. It was about pumice and ash flows on all sides
35,000 years prior to the 1991
ten times larger than the eruption of Mount Pinatubo.
eruption.
of Mount St. Helens in 1980.
 Sacobia Eruptive Period -- ~17,000 yr B.P.
A phase of explosive eruptions occurred
17,000 years ago and produced 2 debris
flow deposits which are visible on the
north bank of the Sacobia River.
Pasbul Eruptive Period -- ~9,000 yr B.P.
A large explosive eruption occurred ca. 9000 years ago.
It produced pyroclastic-flow and tephra-fall layers. The
pyroclastic flows overtopped the southeastern rim of
the Tayawan caldera and nearly or completely filled the
valley of the Gumain River.
Crow Valley Eruptive Period -- ~6,000-5,000
yr B.P.
Large eruptions 6,000-5,000 years ago
produced pyroclastic flow deposits on both
sides of upper Crow valley.
Buag Eruptive Period -- ca. 1450 AD
The last activity cycle prior to the 1991 eruption
was in 1450 ± 50 AD. It produced pyroclastic
flows that entered all valley of Pinatubo except
the Gumain and Porac rivers.
 easures!
igating m
Mit
rea dy ?
u
Are yo
 Before the
If you live near a volcano, or plan to visit one, familiarize yourself with the local monitoring agencies. Understand where you can

Earthquake
safely tromp and where you need to steer clear, regions known as exclusion zones. It’s also important to look up evacuation routes
and hazards specific to your location.

Some places offer regular updates of volcanic activity. For example, the U.S. Geological Survey’s Volcano Notification Service
emails information about monitored volcanoes in the United States, which boasts more than 10 percent of the planet’s active or
potentially active volcanoes.

Another vital preparation step is assembling an emergency kit that includes supplies like food, water, respiratory protection, eye
protection, and a battery-powered radio. When preparing your kit, consider each member of your family and their needs—and don’t
forget your pets.

Even if you are just visiting a volcano for a day, make sure you are traveling with appropriate footwear, first aid supplies, and
plenty of water.
 During the
If you are instructed to remain in your home, close all windows, doors, and other points of entry for ash. Bring pets inside and move
livestock to shelters, when at all possible. Avoid running air conditioning systems, fans, and heaters during or immediately after an
Earthquake
eruption, since they can pull in volcanic gasses and ash. Also, fill large containers, sinks, and bathtubs with clean water since eruptions can
cause disruptions or contamination of water supplies.

If an evacuation seems on the horizon, the Centers for Disease Control recommends gathering additional supplies to keep in your vehicle,
which should include flares, maps, basic tools, sleeping bags, and a fire extinguisher. When packing personal items, take only the
essentials. And don’t forget including at least a week’s supply of any required prescription medications. If you don’t own a vehicle,
contact neighbors or others nearby who might be able to provide a ride in case you and your family need to leave.

If you must be outside, try to use a mask whenever possible. The CDC recommends the use of N-95 respirators, which can be purchased
in a hardware store. While a dusk mask can be used as a last resort, the CDC cautions that they only should be used outdoors for short
periods of time when ash is falling. Other ash protection includes long-sleeved shirts and long pants as well as goggles. Be aware of your
surroundings, and be extra cautious if you are in low-lying regions or near river valleys as those commonly funnel debris flows.
 After the
Heed authorities’ instructions for when it’s safe to go back outside or return to your home. Alert family and friends of
Earthquake
your status via text message or using the Red Cross’ Safe and Well website. Avoid
emergency as telecommunications are commonly very busy during and after disasters.
making phone calls unless it is an

When it is safe to return home, check the structure and utilities for damage. The Red Cross has helpful guides that
detail what to look for when returning after disaster. Also, document any damage in photos for insurance purposes.

Don respiratory protection when cleaning up ash indoors or out. The Red Cross suggests removing ash from your
roof as soon as possible since it is heavy and cause structural collapse—a problem only made worse with rainfall.
However, be extra careful with ash removal if you have breathing problems. Also, if you must climb on your roof,
watch out, since ash can also be slippery and cause falls.
REFERENC
ES:
http://www.coolgeography.co.uk/GCSE/AQA/Restless%20Earth/Volcanoes/Mount
%20Pinatubo.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Pinatubo

https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/pinatubo.html

https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/pinatubo-eruptions.html#er214

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural-disasters/volcano-safety-
tips/
Thank you!
Have a great day ahead.

Presented by: Mica M. Oribiana