Loop Avoidance Training Center

RF Fundamentals
1- What is Radio Frequency?
2- RF Properties.
3- How Radio Wave Produce?
1- What is Radio Frequency?

• Radio frequency (RF) is a rate of oscillation in the

range of around 3 kHz to 300 GHz, which corresponds
to the frequency of radio waves, and the alternating
currents (AC) which carry radio signals. When an RF
current is supplied to an antenna, an electromagnetic
field is created that then is able to propagate through
space.
• Imagine dropping a rock into a still pond and
watching the concentric ripples flow away from the
point where the rock hit the water. This is how RF
waves exit an antenna.
1- What is Radio Frequency?
2- RF Properties.
• All radio frequency have the following
properties:
– Amplitude
– Frequency
– Wavelength
– Phase
– Polarization
2- RF Properties.
2- RF Properties.

• Amplitude - RF energy is “Amplitude”.

• Frequency - The number of cycles per unit of time is
called the frequency. For convenience, frequency is
most often measured in cycles per second (cps) or
the interchangeable Hertz (Hz) (60 cps = 60 Hz),
named after the 19th C. physicist. 1000 Hz is often
referred to as 1 kHz (kilohertz) or simply '1k' in
studio parlance.
2- RF Properties.
 2- RF Properties.
• Wavelength - Wavelength is the distance between identical points in
the adjacent cycles of a waveform signal propagated in space or
along a wire, as shown in the illustration. In wireless systems, this
length is usually specified in meters , centimeters, or millimeters. 
• Wavelength = c / f ---- c = light of speed , f = Frequency .
 2- RF Properties.
• Phase – It is the relationship between two waves with the same
frequency. To determine phase, a wavelength is divided into 360 degrees.
2- RF Properties.
 2- RF Properties.
• Polarization
– A radio wave is actually made of up of two fields:
– One electric fields
– One magnetic fields
– The sum of these two field is called the
“electromagnetic field”.
– The electric field is produced by stationary charges,
and the magnetic field by moving charges (currents)
– When energy is transferred back and forth from one
field to the other it is called “Oscillation”
 2- RF Properties.
• Electric Field
 2- RF Properties.
• Magnetic Field
 2- RF Properties.
• Magnetic Field ( Coil )
 2- RF Properties.
• Magnetic Field ( Coil )
2- RF Properties.
 2- RF Properties.
• E-Plane ( Electric Field )
– The plane that is parallel with the antenna element
is referred to as the “E-Plane”.
• H-Plane ( Magnetic Field )
– The plane that is perpendicular to the antenna
element if referred to as the “H-plane”.
2- RF Properties.

Horizontal Polarization

Vertical Polarization
 3- How Radio Wave Produce?
• Magnetic Field around a current carrying wire.
• Electric Current Creates Magnetic Field.
 3- How Radio Wave Produce?
• Magnetic Field around a current carrying coil.
 3- How Radio Wave Produce?
• Oscillating electric current in a wire.

Note = Oscillating electric current creates oscillating magnetic field.

 3- How Radio Wave Produce?
• Oscillating electric current in a coil.
 3- How Radio Wave Produce?
• Oscillating electric current in a wire creates
oscillating electirc current in a secondary wire.
3- How Radio Wave Produce?
 3- How Radio Wave Produce?
• Simple Radio Wave Produce Generator
 3- How Radio Wave Produce?
• Main Part of Radio Wave Transmitter
 3- How Radio Wave Produce?
• LC Circuit
 3- How Radio Wave Produce?
• Oscillation Wave to Antenna
 3- How Radio Wave Produce?
• Oscillation Wave to Antenna
 3- How Radio Wave Produce?
• Radio Wave Receiver