Organic Chemistry:

Functional Groups
 Functional Group
• Group of atoms that is responsible for the
chemical properties of the compound.
• Examples:
• Alcohols: -OH Hydroxyl Group. - ol
• Organic acids: R- COOH Carboxyl Group.
• - oic acid
• Aldehydes: R-CHO Carbonyl. -al
 Functional Groups
• D. Ketones: R – CO - R - one
• E. Ethers: R – O - R ether
• F. Esters: R – COO - R -noate
• G. Amine: - N-
• H. Amides: Formed by the combination of
• 2 amino acids.
 2 Carbon molecules
Alcohols OH Ethers
H3C O CH3
ethanol
CH3 CH2 dimethyl ether
Acids O O Esters
H3C C OH HC O CH3
ethanoic acid methyl methanoate
Aldehydes O Ketones
ethanal No ketones are possible
H3C C H (3 C minimum)
Amines H3C NH CH3 Amides O
dimethylamine ethanamide
CH3 CH2 NH2 ethylamine CH3 C NH2
 3 Carbon molecules
Alcohols OH
1-propanol 2-propanol
HO CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 CH CH3

Ethers Acids O
CH3 O CH2 CH3 C CH3
HO CH2
Ethyl methyl ether
Propanoic acid
O O
Esters
H3C C O CH3 HC O CH2 CH3
Methyl ethanoate Ethyl methanoate
 3 Carbon molecules
Aldehydes O Ketones O
CH3 CH2 CH H3C C CH3
propanal 2-propanone
CH3
CH3 CH2 CH2 NH2 Amines
propylamine H3C N CH3
CH3 CH2 NH CH3 trimethylamine
ethylmethylamine
CH3 CH NH2
Amides O propanamide
CH3
CH3 CH2 C NH2 isopropylamine
 4C alcohols
OH OH
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH2 CH CH3
1-butanol 2-butanol
OH
OH
CH3 CH CH2
CH3 C CH3
CH3
CH3
1-isobutanol, 2-isobutanol,
2-methyl-1-propanol 2-methyl-2-propanol
 4C ethers
H3C O CH2 CH2 CH3

methyl propyl ether

CH3O CH CH3
isopropyl methyl ether
CH3

CH3 CH2O CH2 CH3 diethyl ether

 4C carboxylic acids
O
CH3 CH2 CH2 C butanoic acid
OH

O
isobutanoic acid,
CH3 CH C
2-methylpropanoic acid
CH3 OH
 4C esters
O O
CH3 CH2 C O CH3 H3C C O CH2 CH3
methyl propanoate ethyl ethanoate
O
O
HC O CH CH3
HC O CH2 CH2 CH3
CH3
propyl methanoate isopropyl methanoate
 4C aldehydes

O
butanal
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH

O
CH3 CH CH isobutanal,
2-methylpropanal
CH3
4C ketones

O
CH3 CH2 C CH3

2-butanone,
(butanone)
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 NH2
4C amines
butylamine
CH3 CH2 CH2 NH CH3 isobutylamine
methylpropylamine
CH3 CH CH2 NH2
CH3 CH2 NH CH2 CH3
diethylamine CH3

CH3 CH3 CH2 CH NH2

CH3 CH2 N CH3 CH3

ethyldimethylamine CH3
CH3 CH NH CH3 CH3 C NH2
CH3 CH3
isopropylmethylamine
 4C amides
O
CH3 CH2 CH2 C NH2 butanamide

O
isobutanamide,
CH3 CH C NH2
2-methyl-propanamide
CH3

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