SOUND

Science 8 - Lesson 4
• Music
• Gadgets
• Geology and Oceanography
• Health Sciences
1.Determine how temperature affects the speed of
sound.
2.Observe how sound waves reflect and refract.
3.Cite some factors that affect the speed of sound
•Sound is caused by vibration (to-
and-from or back-and-forth) of
particles.
Sound wave is an example of mechanical wave.

•Vibrations are considered a disturbance

that travels through a medium.
•Sound energy travels in the form
of sound waves.
SOUND WAVE

A longitudinal wave
The particles of the medium
vibrate back and forth in the
direction in which the waves
travel. (parallel)
•How will you differentiate
the speed of sound in
different media (solid,
liquid, gas)?
 SOLID

•Through which medium does

sound travel fastest – solid,
liquid, or gas?
•Why does sound travel
fastest in solid than in gas?
Explain in details.
•Applying the concept of kinetic
energy, explain how sound
travels in media with low and
high temperatures.
Sound Reflection

•The turning back of wave as it hits

a barrier. (bouncing back of waves)
•Example: Echo, Reverberation
• Reverberation often occurs in a small room
with height, width, and length dimensions
of approximately 17 meters or less.
Echo Sounding

• Used by scientists to map the sea

floor and to determine the depth
of the ocean or sea.
•Can you identify other applications
of sound reflection?
•Have you ever wondered why open
field concerts are usually held during
nighttime?
Sound Refraction

• There is a change in the speed of sound

when it encounters a medium of different
density. This change in speed of sound is
manifested as sort of “bending” of sound
waves.
 Cooler, sound travels slower

Warmer, sound waves

bend towards hotter
region
 Warmer, sound waves bend towards
hotter region

Cooler, sound travels slower