Machine Design & Drawing

ESMD 402
Module 1, Chapter 3

By
Arindam Chakraborty
Assistant Professor, S.V.I.ST, Kolkata
Guest Lecturer, CU, Kolkata

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 Failure theories
• Condition for failure is, Maximum principal stress > failure stresses and Factor of safety
1. Maximum Principal Stress theory also known (F.O.S) = 1.
as RANKINE’S THEORY • Condition for safe design, Factor of safety (F.O.S) > 1Maximum principal stress ≤
Permissible stress(per) where permissible stress = Failure stress.

• Condition for failure, Maximum shear stress induced at a critical point under triaxial
2. Maximum Shear Stress theory or GUEST combined stress > Yield strength in shear under tensile test.
AND TRESCA’S THEORY • Maximum shear stress induced at a critical tensile point under triaxial combined stress ≤
Permissible shear stress.

3. Maximum Principal Strain theory also known as • Condition for failure,Maximum Principal strain > Yielding strain under tensile test.
St.VENANT’S THEORY • Maximum Principal strain ≤ Permissible strain.

• Condition for failure, Total Strain Energy per unit volume Strain energy per unit volume at
yield point under tension test.
4. Total Strain Energy theory or HAIGH’S THEORY
• Total Strain Energy per unit volume ≤Strain energy per unit volume at yield point under
tension test.

• Condition for failure, Maximum Distortion Energy/volume Distortion energy/volume at

5. Maximum Distortion Energy theory or VONMISES yield point under tension test.
AND HENCKY’S THEORY • Maximum Distortion Energy/volume ≤ Distortion energy/volume at yield point under
tension test.

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 Factor of Safety
  𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑦 =
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
Agenda for selection of Maximum
allowable stress
1. Functionality
2. Safety
3. Longevity
Agenda Theoretical Application Practical Application
Estimation on Estimation on field
Functionality mathematical, simulation situation.
and forecast.
Priority on the basis of Priority on the basis of on
Safety
calculations. field calculations.
Estimation on Estimation on field
Longevity mathematical, simulation situation.
and forecast.

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 Stress Strain Analysis

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 Thank You
Send Your quires

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