Water and Waste Water

Environment
 Water Use in Different Sectors

12%
4%

84%

Industrial, Thermal & Other Sector Domestic Agriculture

Water Use in Different Industrial Sectors

89%

Thermal pow er plants Engineering

Pulp and paper Textiles
Steel Sugar
Fertiliser Others
TYPES OF INDUSTRIES

Processing Synthesis Inorganic chemicals

• Oil refinery • Bulk drug • Soda ash

• Petrochemical • Pesticides • Chloro-alkali

• Milk Dairies • Basic organic • Fertilizers

chemicals
• Sugar & • Metallurgical
Distillaries • Paints

• Agro Based • Dye and dye

Industries intermediates
Consumption Pattern of Water in Industry?
 Make up for the Cooling Water system
 Make up for Fire Water
 Feed to Demineralization Plant
 Process Water
 Service Water
 Sanitary Water
What are the Sources of Waste Water in Industry?
 Cooling Tower Blow down.
 D.M. Plant regeneration Waste Water and
Boiler Blow Down.
 Process Waste Water
 Service Water and Strom Water.
 Sanitary Waste Water.
Water Consumption in Indian Industry vs. Global Best
Sector Water Consumption in CESS/CREP Norms Globally Best
India
Thermal 80 m3/MWh Zero discharge < 10 m3/MWh
Power Plant
Textiles 200-250 m3/tonne 170-200 m3/tonne < 100 m3/tonne
cotton cotton cotton
Pulp & •Wood based mills: •Wood based mills: •Wood based
Paper 150-200 m3/tonne 200-250 m3/tonne mills: 50-75
•Waste paper based •Waste paper based m3/tonne
mills: 75-100 mills: 75 m3/tonne •Waste paper
m3/tonne based mills: 10-
25 m3/tonne
Integrated 10-50 m3/tonne of 5-8 m3/tonne of 3-5 m3/tonne of
Iron & Steel finished product finished product finished product
Plant
Water Consumption in Indian Industry vs. Global
Best
Sector Average Water CESS/CREP Norms Globally
Consumption Best

Distilleries 75-200 m3/tonne of 15 m3/tonne of Data Not

alcohol produced alcohol produced Available

Fertilizer •Nitrogenous fertiliser •Nitrogenous An effluent

Industry plant: 5-20 m3/tonne fertiliser plant: discharge
•Straight Phosphatic 15m3/tonne of less than
Plant: 1.4-2 m3/tonne •Straight Phosphatic 1.5
•Complex Fertiliser: Plant: 2 m3/tonne m3/tonne
0.2-5.4 m3/tonne •Complex Fertiliser: product as
15 m3/tonne P 2O 5

Source: http://www.cseindia.org/dte-supplement/industry20040215/misuse.htm
Waste Water Management
 Development of Water Balance
 Characterization of Waste Water
 Treatment and Conservation
 Water Harvesting
 Monitoring and Evaluation
 Treated Effluents Recycling or Disposal.
 WATER BALANCE

RAW WATER

LOSS IN
EVAPORATION

PROCESS WATER SERVICE WATER POTABLE WATER

WASH. MISC. FIRE

COOL. TOW. D. M. PLANT IND. USE

BOILER COND.

WASTEWATER
 WASTE WATER CHARACTERIZATION
Total solid (TS)
Residue after evaporation and dried at 103°- 105° C

(Portion of TS retained
at filter paper and
Total suspended Total dissolved
Total Total fixed solids (TSS)
dried at 105°C) solids (TDS)
volatile solids
solids (TFS)
(TVS)
Volatile Fixed Total Fixed
Those solids Volatile Dissolved
which are burnt Residue that Suspended Suspended
Solids Solids (FSS) dissolved Solids
off or volatilized remains after
(VSS) solids VDS (FDS)
when the TS are TS is ignited
Residue (burnt off at Residue
ignited [500 + 50°C]
remains when 500° ± remains
TSS when
TSS are 50°C) when TDS
burnt off at
ignited [500° is ignited at
500° ± 50°C
± 50°C ] [500° ±
TVS = TS - TFS 50°C ]

VSS = TSS - FSS TDS = TS - TSS

 CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS

Total Dissolved Solids

Inorganic Organics

Common Nutrients Metals Biodegradable Persistent Organics

Ions Organics
Ca2+ Free NH4+ As, Cd, Co, Chemical Oxygen
Mg2+ Organic N Pb, Cu, Ni, Biochemical Demand (COD)
Na+ Cr, Zn, Hg Oxygen Demand
CO32- Total Kjedahl (BOD) Total Organic
HCO3- nitrogen Carbon (TOC)
(Organic N +
SO42- NH4+)
Cl- Nitrite
Nitrates
NO32-
Inorganic COD = BOD + TOC + Oxidisable Inorganic
phosphorous
Total
phosphorous
Organic
phosphorous
Treated Effluent Option
of Renovation,
Recycling and Reuse.
 POSSIBLE OPTIONS OF RENOVATION, RECYCLING
AND REUSE OF WASTEWATER
RAW WATER

WATER FOR UTILITIES INDUSTRIAL PROCESS SERVICE AND

WATER SANITARY USE

WW

COOLING D. M. HIGH BOD WASTE

BOILER
WATER PLANT
RECYCLING

ALTERNATIVE
TREATMENT

ENERGY
WASTEWATER RECOVERY
(WW)
RECOVERY UPGRADATION SOLVENT
OF METALS OF WASTE RECOVERY

REVERSE OSMOSIS BIO-TREATMENT

REUSE FOR AGRICULTURE

 HOW TO CHOOSE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT SCHEME
START
START

READ pH, TDS,

BOD,COD

Forced Is pH between No Do the pH correction

evaporation 6.5 – 8.5?
followed by yes Organic toxic waste
No
collection of incinerated
Is TDS less than 5000 mg/l
condensed
water yes No
Condensed No No
Is the BOD/COD ratio ≥ 0.3 Is it due to solvent Is metal present
yes yes
no yes
Is the BOD value ≥ 2500mg/l Remove it
Solvent recovery
Conventional yes
treatment Anaerobic treatment
Aerobic
No No treatment
Is the treated wastewater
Will it be disposed to lake and
to be recycled
Yes disposal
yes
Further treatment with SBR/MBBR Aerobic treatment with nitrification
and dinitrification

Rescue Discharge
What will be the appropriate treatment?
Problem no 1
If pH -5.5, BOD – 3000mg/l, COD – 5000 mg/l,
BOD-COD ratio – 0.6, SS – 100 mg/l
Problem no 2
If pH -6.5, BOD – 600mg/l, COD – 1000 mg/l,
BOD-COD ratio – 0.6, SS – 200 mg/l
Problem no 3
If pH -7.5, BOD – 1000mg/l, oil and grease – 100mg/l,
COD – 3000 mg/l, SS – 200 mg/l
Problem no 4
If pH -8.00, BOD – 200mg/l, COD – 3000 mg/l
Problem no 5
If pH -6.5 -8.5, BOD – 250mg/l, COD – 500 mg/l,
SS – 150 mg/l.
THANK YOU!