Social Stratification

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iEPqCe5oPRw&ab_channel=Rob
ertM.Anthony

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TzB2lSS4G0
• In traditional parts of Pakistan, social organization revolves around
kinship rather than around the caste system that is used in India.

• The baradari (berādarī; patrilineage, literally “brotherhood”) is the

most important social institution. Endogamy is widely practiced, often
to a degree that would be considered inappropriate in Western
society; the preferred marriage for a man within many Pakistani
communities is with his father’s brother’s daughter, and among many
other groups marriages are invariably within the baradari.
• The lineage elders constitute a council that adjudicates disputes within the lineage and
acts on behalf of the lineage with the outside world—for example, in determining
political allegiances.

• In contemporary Pakistan, the question of class distinction based on historic patterns of

social interaction has become blurred by the tendency to pretend that one has lineage to
a nobler ancestor.

• However, irrespective of the questionable authenticity of a claim to a particular title, the

classification of social status persists.

• https://www.britannica.com/place/Pakistan/Daily-life-and-social-customs
• https://www.britannica.com/topic/social-status

• Read social stratification topics discussed in class, from OPENSTAX

book already shared with everyone.
Global Stratification
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-sociology/chapter/glo
bal-stratification/
Quiz next class
• Stratification. Define, describe
• Global Stratification. What it means, major strata/ classes on the global
arena
• Theories of stratification
• Social Mobility: What it means, why important, causes of social mobility
• Challenges associated with social mobility
• The function (Purpose) of social stratification…any?
• The conflict perspective of stratification
• Major stratification systems in the world: Caste system, status systems etc.
Assignment 1 alternate: (Next Week)
• Presentations on:

• Population, urbanization and the economy; Population in Global Perspective;

Population Growth;
• Consequences of Rapid Population Growth ;
• The Three Demographic Variables;
• The Development of Cities;
• The Process of Urbanization;
• Models of Urban Growth;
• City Life; Alienation in the City (Read Openstax chapter)
Project options:
• Either go for research topic originally discussed.

• Or

• Select a report topic from: Education or Economy

Final presentations/project (15th class)
• 6 marks: Submitted report (required format, quality of written language, content)
• 4 marks: Presentations (clarity of speech, audio/video clarity, slides quality, clarity of
communication for audience)

• 12 pt font
• 1.5 line spacing
• Report no longer than 8 pages
• Use headings and subheadings
• Search the internet & Read the OPENSTAX book.
• Plagiarism strictly below 18%. Plagiarized reports and presentations will get fixed 2/10
marks in project.
• Prepare and present your report on any of the following topics:

• Education
• What is education? The function of education
• Problems of education in the least developed/ developing world
• The functionalist perspective of education
• How do conflict theorists view the social institution of education?
• Education and Industrialization
• Education in developing countries vs education in industrialized nations e.g. Japan
• Suggestions for improving the education system of Pakistan
• Education during COVID-19 (Pakistan vs the developed world, and vs other rapidly
developing nations)
• Work and economy
• The function of the economic system (purpose)
• The elements of the economic system
• The functional view of the economic system, the conflict view of the system
• The Transformation of Economic Systems; Preindustrial Societies: The Birth of
Inequality; Industrial Societies: The Birth of the Machine; Postindustrial Societies:
The Birth of the Information Age
• Global Inequality
• Ideologies of Capitalism and Socialism; Criticisms of Capitalism and Socialism; The
Convergence of Capitalism and Socialism
• Impact of globalization on Pakistan’s economy
• Economy during COVID-19 (Industrialized, vs developing countries)
Levels of analysis in straficiation

Macro level:
Organizations…
Global stratification

Meso Level: organizations,

institutions, … societies.
Teams, groups

Micro level. .. Individual

behavior, small group
stratification