Classification of Different types of

Plant & Machinery & machine in

each type
Anup A. Mohabansi.

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 Why Immovable property valuer should have Basic knowledge of
Plant & machinery
Gen eg. Since knowledge of Structural Engineering is must for Architect / Designer for
better planning like wise

• [1] in most of the Valuation assignments immovable Property Valuer & Plant
and Machinery valuer have to work jointly.
• [2] Basic Knowledge of Plant and Machinery is very essential
• [3] Best use of existing specific plant to any other alternative plant can be
thought of and accordingly valuation of immovable property can be justified
• e.g. a unit of automobile plant can easily converted to Manufacturing plant
for construction equipment , Textile Plant & others
• [4] as per existing situation valuer can think of permissible & alternative use
in that location
• e.g. machine foundations of existing plant can be reused for some other
plant.
• [5] Due consideration can be given to environmental aspect if we know the
effluent
• eg. Sugar industries effluent like Molasses can affect the Real Estate Value
in Vicinity.

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for manufacturing items, Plants are
establish
• Plant is sole process of Manufacturing an items
• normally the plants consists of
• Numbers of different type of machinery,
• Ancillary plants
• Service system
• Controlling unit
• Raw Material storage
• Finish Goods storage

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 As per valuation norms All movable assets which concern the
industrial plant, Machinery will fall under one of the following group

• 1] Plant and machinery

• 2] Service system
• 3] Loose Tolls & Equipments
• 4] Fixtures & Fittings
• 5] Office & other Furniture
• 6] Office Equipments (Computer Hardware, Software,
Typewriters,
• Printing, Xerox & others)
• 7] Vehicles
• 8] Raw Material Stock
• 9] Finished Stock
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 Type of Plants
• [A] Automobiles
Plants

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Types of Plants_Anup A Mohaban 6
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[B] Bottle Manufacturing
Plant

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 Machinery Required for Bottle
Manufacturing Plant
• Bottle Unscrambler
• Carbonation Equipment
• Double-Sided Pressure Sentive
• Flash Pasteurizer
• Heat Shrink Packer
• High Speed Rotary Blow Molder
• Injection Molding System
• Rotary Rinser, Filler, Capper with CIP
• Shrink Sleeve Labeler Up to 400 CPM
• Shrink Sleeve Labeler Up to 250 CPM
• Single-Sided Pressure Sensitive Labeler
• Stretch Blow Mold System
• Suspending Rotary Rinser, Filler, Capper with CIP
• Tunnel Pasteurizer

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• Rotary Rinser, Filler, Capper with CIP
• Shrink Sleeve Labeler Up to 400 CPM
• Shrink Sleeve Labeler Up to 250 CPM
• Single-Sided Pressure Sensitive Labeler
• Stretch Blow Mold System
• Suspending Rotary Rinser, Filler, Capper
with CIP
• Tunnel Pasteurizer
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 Cement Plant
Process Flow Chart

                                                   
 

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• Rotary Kiln Cement Plant

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Types of Plants_Anup A Mohaban 12
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• Manufacturing Process 1. Crushing & Proportioning:
Limestone rock is the principal raw material, the first step after quarrying in the processes is the primary crushing.
Mountains of rock are fed through crushers capable of handling pieces as large as an oil drum. The first crushing
reduces the rock to a maximum size of about 15 cm (6 po). The rock then goes to secondary crushers or hammer
mills for reduction to about 7.5 cm or smaller.

2. Raw milling & Blending:

The next step in the process is to grind the above particles to a size of 90 microns or less which is done in a raw
mill, a closed circuit ball mill equipped with high efficiency separator. After achieving the 90 microns size the fine
grinded material also known as raw meal is sent to the continuous blending silos (CFC) for homogenization &
extracted by means of load cell hopper for the next step which is feeding to the kiln pre heaters.

3. Pyro processing:
The raw material is heated to exceeding 1,450 °C (2,700 degrees F) in huge cylindrical steel rotary kilns lined with
special firebrick. Kilns are frequently as much as 3.7 M (12 pi) in diameter, large enough to accommodate an
automobile and longer in many instances than the height of a 40-story building. Kilns are mounted with the axis
inclined slightly from the horizontal. The finely ground raw material or the slurry is fed into the higher end. At the
lower end is a roaring blast of flame, produced by precisely controlled burning of powdered coal, oil or gas under
forced draft.

4. Burning and cooling:

As the material moves through the kiln, certain elements are driven off in the form of gases. The remaining
elements unite to form a new substance with new physical and chemical characteristics. The new substance,
called clinker, is formed in pieces about the size of marbles.
Clinker is discharged red-hot from the lower end of the kiln and generally is brought down to handling temperature
in various types of coolers. The heated air from the coolers is returned to the kilns, a process that saves fuel and
increases burning efficiency.
5. Cement milling, Storage & Packing:
Portland cement, the basic ingredient of concrete, is a closely controlled chemical combination of calcium, silicon,
aluminum, iron and small amounts of other ingredients to which gypsum is added in the final grinding process to
regulate the setting time of the concrete. Lime and silica make up about 85% of the mass. Common among the
materials used in its manufacture are limestone, shells, and chalk or marl combined with shale, clay, slate or blast
furnace slag, silica sand, and iron ore. The above mixture

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 Machinery Required for Cement
Plant
• Air Blasters
Cement Grouting Pump
Cement Machinery

Clinker Grinding Unit

Feeders
Grinding EquipmentsKilns
Pneumatic Conveyors

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 Chemical plant

• Chemical Plants is an industrial process

plant that manufactures chemicals, usually
on a large scale. Petrochemical plants are
usually located adacent to an oil refinery to
minimize transportation costs for the
feedstocks produced by the refinery.
Specialty chemical plants are usually
much smaller and not as sensitive to
location
Types of Plants_Anup A Mohaban 15
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 Machinery Required for Chemical
Plants
• Bottle Washing Machine
Chemical Dryer
Chemical Handling Equipment
Chemical Machining
Chemical Mixer
Chemical Process Equipment
Chemical Process Pumps
Compressed Air Dryer
Distillation Columns
Distillation Equipment
Fertilizer Plants
Gas Dryers
Industrial Mixers
Laboratory Centrifuge
MS Tanks
Powder Filler
Process Reaction Vessels
Rotary Vacuum Dryers
Screening Machinery

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Main Division of chemical Plants
• Reaction VesselJacketed VesselLimpet
Coil VesselTop Open Vessel
Evaporation Pan

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Types of Jacketed Vessel

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Limped Coil Reaction Vessel

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 Dairy Plants
• Processing: Boilers, Processing: Butter,
Processing: Cheese,
Processing: Ice Cream, Processing: Khoa,
Processing: Packaging

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Machinery required for dairy Plant
• Control Panels/Switchboards/Motors
Concentration/Separation EquipmentConveyors
Cream Separators Filling MachinesFlow Meters
Heat ExchangersHomogenisersInsects Control
SystemsPasteurizersPipesPneumatic
Blowers & BoostersPressure VesselsProcess
PumpsProgrammable ControllersSolenoid
Pneumatic ValvesTemperature Controllers
Thermic Fluid HeatersMiscellaneous Equipment

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 Filling Plant Circulation

Storage Tanks
Heat
Types of Plants_Anup A Mohaban Exchanger 22
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Cream
Separator Processing Tank

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 [F] Ferro Alloy Plant
• The chromite received from
Sukinda is first ground and then
pelletised to obtain green pellets,
which are fired at around 14000C
in a vertical shaft furnace to impart
strength. The plant has facilities to
pre-heat these pellets in a rotary
kiln to around 8000C but, this unit
is now not in use and has been
substituted by a vertical shaft pre-
heater. Pre-heating is important
since every 1000C rise in feed
temperature reduces the
subsequent electrical energy
consumption by 70 kwh per tonne
of ferro-chrome (70-80% of the
cost of ferro0chrome manufacture
is on electrical power).

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• Smelting of the pre-
heated pellets along with
some hard lumpy chrome
one as well as briquettes
made from pellet fines is
carried out in a totally
enclosed submerged
electric arc furnace. Coke
and quartzite are also
charged into 25 MVA
submerged are furnace
which is ferrochrome.
Types of Plants_Anup A Mohaban 25
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[G] Gases Plants

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Types of Plants_Anup A Mohaban 27
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Gases Plants mainly divided into
four parts
• [1] Air Separation Plants,[2] Oxygen
Plants, [3] Nitrogen Plants, [4]
Acetylene Plants

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 Pharmaceutical Plant
• Machinery required for
Pharmaceutical Plant • Capsule Coating Machine
Ampoule Filling Machine • Capsule Filling Machine
• Ampoule Printing Machine • Capsule Inspection Machine
• Ampoule Sealing Machine • Capsule Polishing Machines
• Ampoule Washing Machine • Capsule Polishing Pan
• Automatic Bottle Filling Machine • Capsule Printing Machine
• Automatic Bottle Washing Machines • Circulation Dryer
• Automatic Cap Sealing Machine • Colloid Mill
• Automatic Capsule Filling Machine • Container Filling Machine
• Automatic Counting Machine • Corrosion Resistant Pumps
• Automatic Tube Filling Machine • Cream Making Plant
• Bottle Filling Equipment • Dissolution Tester
• Bottle Inspection Table • Distilled Water Still
• Capping Machinery • Double Rotary Tabletting
Machine
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• Drum Blender
• Dry Heat Sterilizer • Industrial Stirrer
• Dust Collector • Injectables Section
• Empty Capsule Filling Machine • Jacketed Titling Pan
• Feeze Drying Machine • Liquid Filling Machine
• Fermentation House Equipment • Liquid Manufacturing Plant
• Fertilizer Process Equipment Mass Mixer
• Filling Vessel • Mechanical Sifter
• Fluid Bed Dryer • Melter
• Freeze Drying equipment • Membrane Filter System
• Friability Tester • Metallic Reflaction
• Furnace Ducts Insulation
• Herbal Extraction Plant • Micro Bag Filter
• Homogenizer • Multi Mill
• Octagonal Blender
Types of Plants_Anup A• Mohaban
Ointment Making Machine 30
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• Ointment Mixer
• Oscillating Granulator
• Pharmaceutical Machines
• Pharmaceutical Packaging Machines
• Pharmaceutical Spares
Pharmaceutical Tooling
• Planetary Mixer
• Polishing Pan
• Rapid Mixer Granulator
• Ribbon Blender
• Roll Compactor
• Rotary Bottle Capping Machine
• Rotary Bottle Washing
• Rotary Bottle Washing Machines
• Rotary Vial Washing Machine
Types of Plants_Anup A Mohaban
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Semi - Automatic Capsule Filling
Machine
• Semi Automatic Power Filler
• Shell Blender
• Single Rotary Tabletting
Machine
Sterile Filtration Equipment
• Syringe Filling Equipment
• Tablet Coating Machine
• Tablet Coating Pan
• Tablet Counting Machine
Tablet Inspection Machine
31
• Tablet Making Machines
• Tablet Press Machine • Vial Filling Machine
• Tablet Printing Equipment • Vial Inspection Equipment
• Tray Dryer • Vial Labeling Machine
• Triple Roller Mill • Vial Stoppering Machine
• Tube Filling • Vial Washing Machine
• Tumble Dryer • Volumetric Bottle Filling
• Tunnel Dryer • Wet Granulator
• Turn Table
• Vertical Autoclave
• Vial Capping Machine
• Vial Filling Equipment

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 Power Plants
• Thermal PlantsHydro Electricity
PlantsNuclear power plant / Atomic
Energy PlantsTidal Power Wind energy
plants

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Alathiyur
Location: Tamil Nadu
Operator: Madras Cements
Types of Plants_Anup A Mohaban 34
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Neyveli II
Location: Tamil Nadu, Operator:
Neyveli Lignite Corp Ltd
Configuration: 3 X 210
Types of Plants_Anup MW
A Mohaban 35
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Operation: 1986-1988 , Fuel:
Rayalaseema-I
Location: Andhra Pradesh
Operator: Andhra Pradesh Power Generation Corp
Configuration: 2 X 210
TypesMW
of Plants_Anup A Mohaban 36
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Operation: 1994-1995 1
Simhadri
Location: Andhra Pradesh
Operator: National Thermal
Types ofPower CorpALtd
Plants_Anup Mohaban 37
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Configuration: 2 X 500 MW
Trombay
Location: Maharashtra
Operator: Tata Electric
Configuration: 1 X 150 MW, 2 X 500 MW, 1 X 180 MW CC
Operation: 1965-1993Types of Plants_Anup A Mohaban 38
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Fuel: coal, natural gas, oil
 Nuclear Power

The dome-shaped containment building at the

Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant near Raleigh, NC

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 Hydro Electricity Plants

Pench,Koyna,Kharghar,Khaparkeda,Bhakranagal,Vaitarna,

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 Tidal Power Plants
And how it works
• The energy potential of tidal basins is large — the largest facility, the
La Rance station in France, generates 240 megawatts of power. 
France is the only country that successfully uses this power source.,
• the Earth would slow its rotation by 24 hours every 2,000 years.
• There are three basic ways to tap the ocean for its energy. We can
use the ocean's waves, we can use the ocean's high and low tides,
or we can use temperature differences in the water.
• Kinetic energy (movement) exists in the moving waves of the ocean.
That energy can be used to power a turbine. In this simple example,
to the right, the wave rises into a chamber. The rising water forces
the air out of the chamber. The moving air spins a turbine which can
turn a generator

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Types of Plants_Anup A Mohaban 42
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Refinery plants

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Types of Plants_Anup A Mohaban 44
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 Machinery Required for Oil &
Gas refinery
• Gas Turbine Packages for power generation (10 to 34 MW)
• Mechanical Drive Gas Turbines (10 to 34 MW)
• Steam Turbines for Mechanical Drive
• Compressors (Centrifugal, Reciprocating, Oil-free Screw)
• Hot Gas Expanders
• Turbo expanders
• Centrifugal Pumps
• Compression/Pumping packages
• Heavy Wall Reactors
• Air Cooled Heat Exchangers
• Steam Condensers
• Control & Safety Valves
• Product Installation & Maintenance Services
• Revamps & Rerates

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 PROCESS UNITS LICENSOR / DESIGN CAPACITY

AVU EIL, India 6.0 MMTPA

Hydrocracker UOP, USA 1.7 MMTPA

Hydrogen Unit HALDER TOPSOE, Denmark 38000 MTPA

Diesel Hydro- desulphurisation Unit IFP, France 0.7 MMTPA

Resid Fluidised Catalytic Cracking unit Stone & Webster, USA 0.7 MMTPA

Continuous Catalytic Cracking unit IFP, France 0.5 MMTPA

Visbreaker unit EIL, India 0.4 MMTPA

Bitumen Blowing  Unit EIL, India 0.5 MMTPA

Sulphur Recovery Unit Delta Hudson, Canada 2 X 115 MTPD

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Steel Plants

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Ship Building Plants & Integrated Steel Plants
• Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP) in Chhattisgarh
• Durgapur Steel Plant (DSP) in West
Bengal
• Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP) in Orissa
• Bokaro Steel Plant (BSL) in Jharkhand
• IISCO Steel Plant (ISP) in West Bengal
• Special Steel Plants
• Alloy Steels Plants (ASP) in West
Bengal
• Salem Steel Plant (SSP) in Tamil Nadu
• Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant
(VISL) in Karnataka

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A view of the Hot Rolling Division at
Hisar

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Hot & Cold Rolling Mills Plants

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• Tomato Plant

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 Tomato Paste Process

Screw Pumping
Fresh Tomato Pre heating Chambers
Cold Storage for Storage Slurry Storage
of Tomato Double Pumping
Slurry Storage
For Processing D. E. Evaporation
Washing Station Screw Pumping
Shorting Prepared Paste
Screw pumping
H.P. Lifting Balancing
Crushing T.I.T Sterilizer
Storage Aseptic Filling
Finished Product
Bottling & Packing
Types of Plants_Anup A Mohaban 52
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 Importance of Knowing Knowledge
of Plants & Machinery
in Report writing
• Report writing of Immovable Property
• Foundations of machinery can be easily workout
• By knowing the flow chart valuer can idea about the
detailing & Dimensions of Ancillary Civil Structure
• Stability of Civil Structure depends on Type of
Machinery involved.
• Detailing will be easily workout for Valuation.
• Detailing of fabricated structure can be easily work out

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