CHAPTER 3:

Coordination
and
response
At the end of the lesson, students should be
able to:
• Communicate about meaning of homeostasis
• Explain with examples the systems involved with
homeostasis in humans and animals.
3.1 HOMEOSTASIS IN LIVING THINGS

HOMEOSTASIS ??
Maintenance of the internal
environment in the body of an
organism to be in a balanced and
stable condition
 Internal
Environment

temperature water pH Blood pressure

Allow living processes in body  work well
Temperature too high cells in organism may die
THERMOSTAT in water heater detects
the temperature

Switch on  if temperature too low

Switch off  if temperature too high
 HOMEOSTATIC CONTROL PROCESS

Control Corrective

decreases
Increases

centre mechanism

Normal Temperature Range Normal Temperature Range

increases
Decrease

Control Corrective
s

centre mechanism
 Regulation of water content

Detected by Corrective mechanism

hormonekidney
the brain

decreases
Increases

produce more urine

Normal Water Level Normal Water Level

increases
Decrease

Detected by Corrective mechanism

-hormonekidney
the brain
s

produce less urine

-Feel thirsty
 Regulation of body temperature

Detected by Corrective mechanism

-blood vessel dilate
the brain

decreases
Increases

-hairs lie flat

-Increase sweating
-hormone/skeletal activity
reduced
-less urine

Normal Temperature (37oC) Normal Temperature (37oC)

Corrective mechanism

increases
Decrease

-blood vessel constrict

-hairs stand erect
-Decrease sweating
Detected by -hormone/skeletal activity
the brain
s

will be active
-more urine
HOMEOSTASIS IN ANIMALS

They have no sweat

gland (except on
their sole). How
they maintain
homeostasis?
 Lick fur to
reduce body
temperature
 dog hang tongue
cat's fur out to decrease
stand eract temperature
when cold
COLD SURROUNDING
• Body activity slower
• Body temperature

HOT SURROUNDING Reptile (Cold-Blooded)

• Body activity faster
• Body temperature
 Homeostasis in Snail
• Snail loses water on its skin surface
(because of evaporation)
• Produces fluid and looks for humid
places
Homeostasis
In Bees

• Has waxy skin layer

• Loss water vapourthrough spiracles
• Closes spiracles between 2 breathing movement
Homeostasis in Plant
 HOMEOSTASIS IN PLANTS

Afternoon evening
(leaves roll up to avoid excessive
water loss)
 TRANSPIRATION
Process which water (in the form
of water vapour) from plants are
lost to the surrounding through
the stoma
 During the day When temperature too high
Stoma opens enable more Stoma closes reduce
water to be evaporated water evaporated
 IMPORTANCE OF HOMEOSTASIS TO HUMANS
AND LIVING THINGS
• Provide optimum conditions
• Maintained in a balanced and stable condition
• Without homeostasis: