RESEARCH For ASPIRING MINDS

12th December, 2020

Organized by

SAPTHAGIRI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

HESARAGHATTA ROAD, BENGALURU

Delivered by

Dr. PANKAJAKSHI R, B.E. (ISE), MBA, PH.D.

Associate Professor & Special Officer
Examination Section
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Regional Office, Annapoorneshwari Nagar 
Nagarabhavi, Bengaluru - 560 091
pankajavtubng@gmail.com/9482390038
 11-2

Why Ph.D……………….?
 PhDs are an essential part of the knowledge economy.
 Its creates new thoughts and fresh knowledge, discovering
new things and developing new skills
 PhD  (Doctor of Philosophy)is a doctoral degree, One need
to complete the selected PhD course within a maximum time.
 One should need to complete a master’s degree to be
successfully eligible to pursue a PhD programme.
 Admission in PhD course: clear Entrance Exam - vary
university-wise
 Select a particular topic & do in-depth research.
 Ph.D requires a great level of commitment
 To achieve and learn something new, bring in grants
11-3
 11-4

MEANING OF RESEARCH
 Research must be systematic and follow a
series of steps and a rigid standard protocol.
 ‘Real’ research, whether scientific, economic
or historical, requires interpretation and an
opinion from the researcher.
 Research is an art of scientific investigation.
 Research is a movement, a movement from
known to unknown.
11-5

5
 11-6

Population of India 2020

Current Population of India in 1,350,642,936 (1.35 billion) As
2020 of February 24, 2020

Total Male Population in India 697,472,012 (69.7 crore)

Total No of Females in India 653,170,923 (65.3 crore)

Sex Ratio 945 females per 1,000 males

Age structure

0 to 25 years 50% of India's current population

Currently, there are about 51 births in India in a minute.

http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/india-current-population.html
 11-7

Current Population of India - (1.35 billion)

 The crown of the world's most populous country is on
China's head for decades, India is all set to take the
numero uno position by 2030.
 With the population growth rate at 1.2%, India is
predicted to have more than 1.53 billion people by the
end of 2030.
  Also in 2020, the average age of an Indian will be 29
years, compared to 37 for China and 48 for Japan.
 More than 50% of India's current population is
below the age of 25 and over 65% below the age of
35.
AISHE- All India Survey on Higher
11-8

Education – 2018-2019
11-9
11-10
 11-11

Ph.D. Status in India

 India stands tall in the number of doctoral graduates produced on

an yearly basis, according to Organisation for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD) report.
 Producing slightly over 24,000 doctoral graduates, India is
ranked fourth against USA that produces 68,000 and tops the
list. 
 Further the completion rate of PhD in India is only about 50
percent. From Awawded Ph.D.’s, Male-66.4 percent (i.e. 30,264)
Women-33.6 percent of the PhDs (15,297)
 C Srinivasulu, zoology professor of Osmania University said
“Universities should stop focusing on the number of PhD scholars
but to make the work have international standard. Similarly
special incentives have to be provided to research students,”
DECCAN CHRONICLE. | INDULEKHA ARAKKALPublishedApr 2, 2018, 1:28 am IST UpdatedApr 2, 2018, 1:28
am IST
 11-12

DEFINITION OF RESEARCH

 In the broadest sense of the word, the definition

of research includes any gathering of data,
information and facts for the advancement of
knowledge.

 “Research is systematized effort to gain new

knowledge”- Redman and Mory.

 “Research comprises defining and redefining

problems, formulating or suggested solutions;
collecting, organizing and evaluating data ; making
deductions and reaching conclusions”-Clifford
Woody.
 11-13

Motivation in research:

1) Desire to get research degree

2) Desire to face the challenges in solving the
unsolved problems
3) Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some
creative work
4) Desire to be of service to society
5) Desire to get respectability.
 11-14

BASIC TYPES OF RESEARCH

 DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH: Descriptive research includes
surveys & facts – findings enquiries of different kinds . Eg:
Frequency of shopping
 APPLIED RESEARCH: Aims at finding a solutions for an
immediate problem facing a society or an industrial/business
organization.
 PURE/FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH: mainly concerned with
generalizations & with the formulation of a theory
 ANALYTICAL RESEARCH:The researcher has to use facts or
information already available & analyze these to make a critical
evaluation of the material .
 EXPLORATORY RESEARCH is preliminary study of unfamiliar
problems about which the researcher has little or no knowledge
 PREDICTIVE REASEARCH: aims at finding an order among
social facts & their casual relation
 SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH:Systematic rational approach to seeking facts
 11-15

BASIC TYPES OF RESEARCH…..

 HISTORICAL RESEARCH is a study of past records and
other information sources with a view to reconstructing the
origin and development
 CONCEPTUAL RESEARCH: Related to abstract idea or
theory, generally used by philosophers &thinkers
 EMPIRICAL RESEARCH: it is a data base research
 DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH: it aims at identifying the
course of a problem & the possible solutions for it
 CASUAL RESEARCH: Research that follow case study
method or in-depth approaches to reach the basic casual
relationship
 ONE-TIME RESEARCH OR LONGITUDNAL RESEARCH
 QUANTITATIVE & QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
 FIELD SETTING RESEARCH OR LABORATORY RESEARCH OR
 11-16

CRITERIA OF GOOD RESEARCH

 Clearly Define Purpose of research.
 Detailed Research process.
 Research design must be thoroughly planned.
 Validity and reliability of the data should be checked
carefully.
 Limitations to be revealed.
 Conclusions justified.
 Researcher experience.
 Recorded and reported carefully.
 11-17

OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
 Discover answers to questions, Exploring the
unknown.
 Find out truth which is hidden.
 To gain familiarity with the phenomenon
 To achieve new insights into it.
 To determine the frequency with which
something occurs or with which it is
associated with.
 To understand the casual relationship
between variables.
 To Predict Future Activities
 11-18

18
 11-19

Problem Discovery Discovery and

and Definition Definition

Research and so on Conclusions and

Design Report

Data Processing
Sampling
and Analysis

19
 11-20

If you do not know where you are going,

any road will take you there.

20
 11-21

Research Process…
A well defined problem gives the researcher a proper direction
for carrying out investigation.
Review of Literature: Relevant work carried out in the
related field/topic.

Research Design: a framework or blueprint for conducting

the marketing research project. It details the procedures
necessary for obtaining the information needed to structure or
solve marketing research problems.

Developing Hypothesis:
A statement based on some
presumptions about existence
of a relationship between
two or more variables
 11-22

SAMPLING:
A sample is a smaller representation of the larger whole.
A sample contains primary sampling units & a slice of the
population representing the universe.

Sample
Sample


 Population
Population
 11-23

Classification of Sampling Techniques

Sampling Techniques

Non-probability Probability
Sampling Techniques Sampling Techniques

Convenience Judgmental Quota Snowball

Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling

Simple Random Systematic Stratified Cluster Other Sampling

Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling Techniques
 11-24

Data collection Methods. It is important for a research to

know the sources of data which is required for the different
purpose, Data is nothing but the information.
There are two sources of information or to say data-
Primary data & Secondary data.

24
 11-25

Data Processing and Analysis

Processing data is very important once after collecting the
data.
The next job of the researcher is to analyze and interpret
the data.
The purpose of analysis is to draw conclusion.
There are two parts in processing the data.
(1) Data Analysis
(2) Interpretation of data

Analysis of the data involves organizing

the data in a particular manner.
Interpretation of data is a method
for deriving conclusions from the data analyzed.

Analysis of data is not complete,

unless it is interpreted.
25
 11-26

Conclusions and Report Writing

Chapt Title of the chapter Pag
Effective communication er no. • Declaration e
of the research findings • Certificates no.
• Acknowledgement
• Executive summary
1. Introduction to the project
1 2. Research design and
2 methodology
3. Theoretical perspective of
3 the study
4 4. Company and industry
profile
5
5. Data analysis and
6
interpretation
6. Summary of findings and
suggestions
• Bibliography
• Appendix
 11-27

SIGNIFICANCE OF BUSINESS RESEARCH

 Research is an aid to decision making.
 Provides a basis for innovation.
 Facilitates the process of thinking
 Identifies problem areas.
 Helps in managerial functions.
 Economic utilization of resources.
 Forecasting as effective tool for managers.
 Establishes relationship - functional areas.
 Management Information Systems and is
helpful in the formulation of policies and
strategies.
 11-28

RESEARCH ETHICS
 ETHICS are norms or standards of behavior that
guide moral choices about our behavior
relationships with others.
 Ethics are different from legal constraints, in
which generally accepted standards have defined
penalties that are universally enforced.
 The goal of ethics in research is to ensure that no
one is harmed or suffers adverse consequences
from research activities.
 The recognition of ethics for economic
organization was revealed in a survey where eighty
percent of the responding organizations reported
the adoption of an ethical code.
 11-29

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN
BUSINESS RESEARCH
 Protect the rights of the participants or subject.
 Ensure the sponsor receives ethically conducted
and reported research.
 Follow ethical standards when designing research.
 Protect the safety of the researcher and team.
 Ensure the research team follows the design.
 11-30

National Education Policy 2019-Highlights

 Teacher Education The demand for teachers will increase in the
coming years. New teachers need rigorous preparation and
practising teachers need a professional development besides
academic and professional support.
 National Research Foundation Research and innovation are the
two main pillars to drive the country's economy and uplift society.
 To make the research system strong, the Committee proposed an
autonomous body National Research Foundation (NRF). The
primary function of the foundation is to funding research in all
disciplines.
 The NRF will have four major divisions, namely, Sciences,
Technology, Social Sciences and Arts and Humanities.
Read more at: https://www.careerindia.com/features/national-education-policy-2019-highlights-and-features-one-should-not-
miss/articlecontent-pf9965-025209.html
 11-31

CONCLUSION
 Research is any organized inquiry carried out to provide
information for solving problems .
 Business research is a systematic inquiry that provides
information to guide business decisions .
 Research contributes for the knowledge needed for the
managers to take decisions.
 Managers will find knowledge of research methods to be
of value in many situations .
 With the witnessed drastic changes in the business
environment like that of Technological advances,
continuous innovations in global communications etc.
 The importance of having a sound information base is
necessary which can be done only with the help of
Research.
 11-32

THANK YOU
WISH YOU GOOD LUCK
&
BEST WISHES!