Battery Management

System
Outline
• Introduction
• Literature review
• Problem statement
• Aims and objective
• Motivation
• Types of battery
• Battery Banking
• Battery management system
• Battery protection
• Cell balancing
• Results
• Conclusions
• References
 Introduction
• Battery convert chemical energy into electrical energy

• Battery has low power and high energy density

• More cell connect to get high energy

• System protection

• Maintain and increase battery life (Plett,2015)

Literature review
• shift from fossil fuel-based vehicles to cleaner
and environment-friendly electric vehicles
• Electric vehicles do not use fossil fuel as their
primary energy source
• Use BMS to the overall performance of the
battery
• transition from fossil fuel-based vehicles to
electric (Balasingam, 2018)
Problem statement
• less charge storage capacity of the existing
batteries along

• poor battery management used in currently

available electrical vehicles
Aim and objective
AIM
• To design and analyze an
equivalent electric circuit model of
OBJECTIVE
• To utilize the equivalent electric circuit model
of the battery to design an effective Battery
Management System.

a Li-ion battery.
• Validation of the analysis of the performance
of the designed Battery Management System

• To show the improvement in the battery

performance due to the designed Battery
Management System
Motivation
• Batteries are the key

• Focus on battery cost

• Prevent from damage

• Use for portable devices

• Globally use to store the electric energy

• Li-ion barratry required protection circuit

Types of battery
RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES NON RECHARGEABLE
(PRIMARY ) BATTERIES (SECONDARY)

• Can use multiple time by charging it (Cheng • For one time use
et al,2010)

• This type battery work on spontaneous

• Cell operated near equilibrium state forward reaction

• Reversible reaction occurs

• For example Dry cell, Li-br battery, Alkaline
calls etc
• For example lead acid battery, Li-ion battery
etc
Mostly used batteries
• Dry cell used for portable devices

• Lead acid batteries use in vehicles

• Li-ion battery used in electrical vehicles and

portable devices
like laptop, cell phone ,watch etc. (Thomas,2002)
Battery banking
• Required number of batteries to store large amount of energy

• For lager storage connect batteries in parallel or series

• In series connection voltage increase of the battery bank

• In parallel connection current increase of the battery bank

Battery Management system
• BMS is a system to manage rechargeable battery pack

• BMS protect battery to operate outside its safe operating area

• BMS monitor state ,calculating secondary data and control balancing

• BMS improve the performance of battery (Chatzakis et al,2003)

BMS
• Increase batteries life

• Reduce the risk of accident

• All cell equally charged

• BMS = Battery Doctor

Battery protection
• Battery protection is difficult if connected in series connection

• To protect battery use Li-ion cells in safe operating area

• BMS keep Each cell with in its SOA

• Single cell protection is hard

• In series cell voltage not divide equally

• Temperature vary in series connection (Jossen et al,1999)

 SOA for Li-ion cell
• SOA depend on various factor
• Voltage
• Current
• Temperature
• Battery age
• Current state of charge
Cell balancing
• Two major type of cell balancing are used

• Passive cell balancing

• Active cell balancing (Haq et al,2014)

Analytical Calculation
• Capacity of battery = 1300 mAh = 1.3Ah (1000 mAh = 1 Ah)

• Charging current = 1.3A

• I charge = 1C*1300mAh
I charge = 1.3A

• Time taken to charge = Capacity/charging current

Time = 1.3/1.3 = 1h
Implementation
Results
Conclusion
• Li-ion battery managed by BMS

• Passive cell balancing of battery pack

• Analyze battery charging and discharging according to SOC

• Increase battery life by BMS

• Improvement in battery performance by this system

 Reference
• Plett, G.L (2105), “Battery Management Systems, Volume I: Battery Modeling; Artech House”, Norwood, MA, USA.
• Thomas, K.E.; Newman, J.; Darling, R.M. (2002), “Mathematical modeling of lithium batteries. In Advances in Lithium-Ion Batteries” Springer:
Boston, MA, USA, pp. 345–392.
• Balasingam, B.; Avvari, G.; Pattipati, B.; Pattipati, K.; Bar-Shalom, Y. (2014), “A robust approach to battery fuel gauging, part I: Real time model
identification”, J. Power Sources, 272, 1142–1153.
• Chatzakis, J., Kalaitzakis, K., Voulgaris, N.C. and Manias, S.N., 2003. Designing a new generalized battery management system. IEEE transactions on
Industrial Electronics, 50(5), pp.990-999.
• Cheng, K.W.E., Divakar, B.P., Wu, H., Ding, K. and Ho, H.F., 2010. Battery-management system (BMS) and SOC development for electrical vehicles. IEEE
transactions on vehicular technology, 60(1), pp.76-88.

• Plett, G.L. (2015), “Battery Management Systems, Volume II: Equivalent-Circuit Methods” Artech House: Norwood, MA, USA.
• Rahimi-Eichi, H., Ojha, U., Baronti, F. and Chow, M.Y., 2013. Battery management system: An overview of its application in the smart grid and electric
vehicles. IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 7(2), pp.4-16.
• Jossen, A., Späth, V., Döring, H. and Garche, J., 1999. Reliable battery operation—a challenge for the battery management system. Journal of Power
Sources, 84(2), pp.283-286.
• Lawder, M.T., Suthar, B., Northrop, P.W., De, S., Hoff, C.M., Leitermann, O., Crow, M.L., Santhanagopalan, S. and Subramanian, V.R., 2014. Battery energy
storage system (BESS) and battery management system (BMS) for grid-scale applications. Proceedings of the IEEE, 102(6), pp.1014-1030.
• Zhang, X., Liu, P. and Wang, D., 2011. The design and implementation of smart battery management system balance technology. Journal of Convergence
Information Technology, 6(5), pp.108-116.
• Haq, I.N., Leksono, E., Iqbal, M., Sodami, F.N., Kurniadi, D. and Yuliarto, B., 2014, November. Development of battery management system for cell
monitoring and protection. In 2014 international conference on electrical engineering and computer science (ICEECS) (pp. 203-208). IEEE.
• Kaiser, R., 2007. Optimized battery-management system to improve storage lifetime in renewable energy systems. Journal of Power Sources, 168(1), pp.58-65.
Thank you