WATERPROOFING

OF
WET AREAS
(Toilet and kitchen)

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CAUSES OF DAMPNESS IN BUILDINGS

 Absorption of moisture is one of the chief causes of dampness.

 Thus, either on account of

- faulty design of structure

- bad workmanship

- by use of defective structures

- by use of defective materials

moisture may find its way on the interior of the building either through the wall, floor or
roof.

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METHODS OF DAMP PROOFING

Following methods are generally adopted to prevent the defect of dampness in a

structure:

1. Membrane damp proofing

2. Integral damp proofing
3. Surface treatment
4. Cavity wall construction
5. Guniting
6. Pressure Grouting

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1. MEMBRANE DAMP PROOFING

This consists in providing layers of membrane of water repellent material between

the source of dampness and the part of the structure adjacent to it.

Types of Materials for Damp Proof Course:

Flexible Materials: Materials like bitumen, bituminous felt, plastic sheet (polythene
sheets) etc.
Semi-rigid Materials: Materials like mastic asphalt, or combination of materials or
layers.
Rigid Materials: Materials like first class bricks, stones, slate, cement concrete etc.

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 a thin coating which
consists of usually a
primer coat and two coats
of top coats which are
applied by spray, roller, or
trowel.

Liquid Waterproofing Membrane

Cementitious Waterproofing
often used in the internal wet
areas such as toilets

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 Bituminous coating is also
called as asphalt coating.

It is not suitable for expose to

sunlight.

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A popular method used for low-
sloped roofs.

Bituminous waterproofing
membrane have torch on
membrane and self-adhesive
membrane.

This method is used for the flat roof area and

exposed to weathering.

This waterproofing method is expensive.

Polyurethane Liquid Membrane Waterproofing

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2. INTEGRAL DAMP PROOFING

This consists of adding certain water proofing compounds with the concrete mix

to increase its impermeability.

 The compounds made from clay, sand or lime (chalk, fuller’s earth, etc) help to

fill the voids in concrete and make it water proof.

 Compounds like alkaline silicates, aluminium sulphates, calcium chlorides, etc

react chemically when mixed with concrete to produce water proof concrete.

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  Commercially available compounds like LW+ (Dr. Fixit),
Krystol Internal Membrane (KIM) etc.

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3. SURFACE TREATMENT

Surface treatment consists of application of layer of water repellent substances

or compounds on the surface through which moisture enters.

The use of water repellent metallic soaps such as calcium and aluminium oletes and
stearates are much effective against rain water protection.

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4. CAVITY WALL CONSTRUCTION

This consists in shielding the main wall of the building by an outer skin wall leaving a
cavity in between the two. The cavity prevents the moisture from travelling from the
outer to the inner wall.

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5. GUNITING

This consists of depositing an impervious layer of rich cement mortar over the
surface to be water proofed.

1. Surface to be treated is first thoroughly cleaned

and wetted properly.
2. A mixture of cement and sand (1:3 to 1:4) is shot
on the prepared surface under a pressure of 2 to 3 kg
per square cm by holding the nozzle of the cement
gun at the distance of 75 to 90 cm from the working
surface.

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5. PRESSURE GROUTING / INJECTION GROUTING

Injection grouting is a process of filling the cracks, voids or honeycombs under

pressure in concrete or masonry structural members for repairing of cracks,
strengthening of damaged concrete or masonry structural members.

Steps Involved :
1. Drilling of holes 10 to 12 mm dia at the spacing of 1 mt., 10 mm (4) deep or as per site
conditions
2. Fixing of nipples with cement mortar and admixture.
3. Pressure cleaning of holes with water to remove undesirable materials from the holes ,if any.
4. Pressure grouting cement slurry and admixture with aid of 140 PSI grout pump into the
nipples until refusal.
5. Removal of nipples and blocking the holes with cement mortar and admixture.

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 R.C.C. WORK

BRICK WORK

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DAMP PROOFING / WATER PROOFING
IN BUILDINGS

1. Foundation

2. Basement

3. Floors

4. Toilets/Kitchen

5. Terrace

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 WATER PROOFING IN TOILET

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 WATER PROOFING IN SUNKEN AREA
(TOILET/KITCHEN)

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 TAPECRETE P-151 SYSTEM

• Cleaning the concerned RCC surface by means of wire brush to expose the concrete

surface which should be free from all loose particles, dust, laitance, etc.

• Making 25 x 25mm size corner fillets with Polymer modified cementitious (PMC)

mortar (Tapecrete P-151: Cement: Silica Sand/ Fine sand = 1: 2: 4-6 by weight) at all

joints of horizontal and vertical surface and doing bore packing with PMC mortar. 

Also the joints of pipes and concrete/masonry are to be sealed with epoxy putty CICO

Poxy LC or epoxy mortar CICO Poxy 2125 and the same is semi-rounded upto 5mm

above surface level all along the periphery of PVC pipes.

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 • Application of one coat of Tapecrete P-151– Acrylic Polymer Modified Cementitious slurry (
Tapecrete P-151: Cement = 1: 2 by weight) coating over the RCC slab surface and carried
upto 300 mm above finished floor level on vertical portion (walls). This coat is allowed to get
dry for 4-6 hours.

• Application of one coat of Tapecretebrush topping 1-1.5mm thick (Tapecrete P-151:

Cement: Silica Sand = 1: 2: 2 by weight) over the first coat.

• Moist curing of Tapecrete system for next two days.

• Laying 15 mm plaster in the ratio 1: 4 (Cement: Sand) admixed with CICO Super @ 100ml
per 50 kg cement on treated horizontal surface and carried upto treatment on vertical portion
(walls).

• Water curing of plaster as per good engineering practices.

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 TAPECRETE
WATERPROOFING

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 SURFACE PREPARATION APPLICATION

PIDILITE

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 PIDILITE

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 MATERIALS FOR SUNK FILLING

AAC BLOCK

CLC BLOCK
KHANGAR (FOAM CONC.)

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 PONDING TEST

Water ponding in bare concrete slab of bath room Water ponding after waterproofing in bath room

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 ASSIGNMENT

Select one existing toilet in your residence. You are required to draw –

a) Plan – Showing all fittings and fixtures, traps, WWP, SWP and tile work

b) Section (at least two – one each along the length and width) to clear all water

proofing details

c) Blowup of all important details

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