4D printing technology

presented by
Name: Chandan K H
USN : 4gl18me403
Contents
3D printing
• How it works
• Methods and Technologies of 3D
• Applications
• Another Dimension:4
• Difference between 3D&4D
• Breadth of application
• Conclusion
• Future scope
What is 3D printing

3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of making three

dimensional solid objects from a digital file
The creation of a 3D printed object is achieved using additive processes
• In an additive process an object is created by laying down successive
layers of material untill the entire object is created
How it works?
• A virtual design of the object is created.
• CAD(computer Aided Design)uses a 3D Modeling program or 3D
scanner for virtual design
• The software slices the final model into hundred or thousands of
horizontal layers
• The printer creates the object layer by layer resulting in one three
dimensional object
Work flow
Methods & Technologies
Sevral ways to realise 3D objects
Selective laser sintering(SLS) : uses a high power laser to fuse input
materials like plastic ,glass,etc.it scans the powered material layer by
layer
• Fused deposition modelling (FDM):uses a plastic filament or metal
wire as input material to an extrusion nozzle .
• Sterolithography(SLA):photopolymerization is uses to produce a solid
part from a liquid
Applications
• 3D printing has been used to create car parts, smartphone cases, fashion
accessories, medical equipment and artificial organs.manufacturing
corporation and aerospace organization have saved billions of dollars by
using 3D printing for building parts.3D printing has also helped save
lives.one of the best ways to learn about what 3D printing can do is by
researching real life applications on the technology .other applications
include:
• Rapid prototyping
• 3D printed organs
• Personal printing
• In the automotive industry
• In the aerospace industry
What is the 4th dimension
“We are proposeing That the dimension is time and that over static
Objects will transform and adapt.”
• “The rigid material becomes a structure and the other layer is the
force that can start bending and twisting it. Imagine water pipes that
can expand to cope with different capacities or flows and save digging
up the street”-skylar tibbits
How it works
• A single print with material features,can transform from any 1D strand
into 3D shape ,2D surface into 3D shape or from one 3D shape into
another.
• Allows the researches to program different material properties into
each of the various particles of the designed geometry and harnesses
the different water obsorbing properties of the materials to activate
the self assembly process.
• With water as it’s activation energy,this technique promises new
possibilities for embedding programmability and simple decision
making into non electronic based materials.
Overview of 4D object
Smart materials
• Smart materials are designed materials that have one or more
properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by
external stimuli ,such as stress , temperature, moisture,pH,electric or
magnetic fields.
Difference between 3D &4D
• 4D printing has nothing to do with a fourth dimension.the big
difference between 3d and 4d is that a 4D printer produces products
which are able to adjust themselves according to their surroundings .
• So tha difference is after the product is printed.for example when a
product is printed and when it Comes in contact with for example
water,it reshapes itself .the product will able to reshape themselves in
a pre-recorded shape.
• The 4D printer creates a Of multiple materials and that strand
becomes whatever we want it to.
Current state of technology
• 4D printing is a novel advancement to 3D printing technology.
• 4D printing is focused on developing materials and newer printing
Technologies that could reduce the time taken for assembly of parts
in turn improving the overall efficiency of the manufacturing process.
• Parts manufactured using this novel technology would employ
different types of smart materials
Breadth of application
 Future scope
Although not commercially available,self assembly is just a beginning of
a whole innovative world of manufacturing with minimum energy.as
environmental, economic,human and other constraints continue to
fluctuate ,we will eventually need dynamic systems that can respond
with ease and agility.
• 4D printing is the first of its kind to offer this exciting capability.this is
truely a radical shift in our understanding of structures , which have
up to this point ,remained static and rigid ( think aerospace,
automotive,building industries etc) and will soon be dynamic
,adaptable and tunable for on demand performance.
Conclusion
• Emerging the market potential
• Evolving eco system
• Improves the Technology
Thank you
 Parameters 3D 4D

parison between 3D & 4D printing