Group_10

QUESTION
Evaluate the application of the system
approach in relation to education
organizations in Tanzania
Origin of the system theory/Approach
System theory was first introduced by Van
Bertalantffy (1950)
And was introduced into the organizational
setting by Katz and Khan (1996).
System Defn:
A system can be defined as a set of components
which each perform its own unique task but all
work together to achieve common goal.
Groenewegen (1993) defines a system as a
complex of factors interacting according to an
overall plan for a common purpose.
System approach
A systems approach is applied in everyday life
situations consciously or unconsciously.
Neils view “System approach to education is
defined as a particular method of exploration to
find effective ways of talking about designing and
organizing learning situation on practice”.
Education Organization as a system
According to Hooper (1971) education is a system
because it has a set of inputs (money, students, etc)
which are subjected to a process in orders to attain
certain objectives which appear as outputs
(educated students).
Education Organization as a system
cont…
Education Organization as a system
cont…
Further, education can be viewed as a system
because of self adjusting combination of
interacting people and things designed by humans
to accomplish some predetermined purpose
principles of a system
Equifinality –The same final point or system
outputs can be reached from various starting or
original points or initial conditions.
principles of a system cont…
A system exists in a hierarchy of relationships.
Each functional unit forms sub-systems with
elements that cannot work independently,
otherwise, such a system is a supra system. A
supra system is one that has subsystems each of
which has a measure of performance but is
independent on other sub systems.
principles of a system cont…
A system has boundaries which distinguish such
part from the other parts of the system thus
ensuring that a specific task is performed at a
particular point, yet both parts depend on each
other.
principles of a system cont…
Feedback – this is specific input into the system
that gives information about the achievement
(output) for purposes of re-examining the system.
principles of a system cont…
Dynamic stability – each system is dynamically
in harmony with the environment and exhibit
levels of balance among its elements or sub-
systems based on common expectations.
principles of a system cont…
Holism the whole is greater than the sum of its
parts
principles of a system cont…
Mutuality since parts are interdependence its
impossible to know what causes something
Application of System-Approach in
relation to Education
It applied when different departments join to work
together as a team towards a common goal,
In many schools in Tanzania different school’s
departments tend to work together in order to achieve the
intended goal example: when department of discipline in
a certain school work together with the academic
department so as to achieve a common goal.
Application cont…
Presence of inputs, process and output
Tanzanian school’s organization take inputs such as Students,
teacher, curriculum, instructional materials etc.
Then underdo process like Teaching process that is to say what is
going-on on the system itself.
Then produce output which are the graduates.
Application cont…
Presence of the hierarchical sub-system in schools
The leadership structure of Tanzanian schools falls
from top level to down level that is to say from the
school board as the top level to the students which is
the lower level of the school organization structure.
Application cont…
Equifinality
Means the use of different techniques or ways in order to
reach the intended goals. For examples at different school
organizations tend to set different programs like remedials,
weekly tests, competition examination from on e school to
another for the purpose of obtaining good results at school.
Application cont…
The presence of boundaries in in different
departments
For example, academic department social discipline,
sports and games department. Each department perform
its own duty without interference of other department,
although each department depend on one another to
accomplish the goal of the school.
Application cont…
The presence of different power of authority
depending on positions
Foristance in the school, the headmaster has the higher
power than other servants in the school but they all work
together toward a common goal
conclusion