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UTTARAKHAND
Sanchit S. Agarwal
David E. Rheinheimer
M.L. Kansal
Department of Water Resources Development & Management
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667
November, 2015
Importance of Energy
• Energy – a key player in overall development of a country.
• Energy - a strategic commodity & a key factor to achieve various MDGs set by
UN (India is one of the active members), such as to eradicate poverty, public health,
education, gender equality, and environmental sustainability.
• India’s Population - 1.27 billion – second largest
- Fourth in terms of energy consumption.
- About 300 million people have no access to electricity.
• Annual per capita energy consumption
India - 1010 kWh
Developed countries - 10,000-15,000 kWh.
• 12th Five Year Plan - GDP growth target - 8 - 9%.
Require two fold increase in energy consumption in next ten years.
• Electricity for all by 2019 – is target set by GOI
Source: Strategy for Providing 24 x 7 power supply, Forum of Regulators, December 2014
India’s Energy Resources & Installed Capacity
Coal
Reserves
RUN OF RIVER
Advantages
• No submergence issue
• No R&R issues
• Low impact on water quality, river
ecosystem, and the environment
Limitations
• Low dependability
• Chances of flooding
• Chances of river getting dry if not monitored
strictly
Image: IPCC SRREN, 2011
Uttarakhand Energy Scenario
• Uttarakhand – Rich state in hydropower resource, but still face shortage of
power.
• Required demand - about 12,000 MU/year; shortage of about 3%. Short term
procurement meets upto 25% of energy requirement
• The projected energy requirement: about 20,000 MU by 2020.
Source: CEA, Executive Summary, Power Sector, August 2015, Hydropower IC from UJVNL
River Basins in
Uttarakhand and
Operational HPPs
Estimated potential :
20000 MW
Total installed capacity :
3943.15 MW (19.71% of
potential)
• Tehri Dam project (under Govt. Of UP) report submitted to GoI in 1969.
• Initial capacity 600 MW; increased to 1000MW in 1983.
• Final approval in 1994, initial estimate of about Rs. 3000 Crores.
• All four units of Tehri commissioned by 2006-07.
• Final cost: Rs. 8392 Cr.
Benefits
Financial Constraints
Project encountered funding issues in the initial years when funding from USSR stopped due to
their political instability, increased cost due to changes in capacity, R&R packages.
Technical Revisions
The project underwent change in capacity in 1983, from 600 MW to 1000 MW causing changes in
design, submergence area etc.
Political-Administrative Challenge
Transfer of ownership of project from one government body to another led to administrative
hurdles and delays.
Socio-Legal Issues
• Complete submergence of Tehri Town, mandating
Resettlement & Rehabilitation (R&R) of thousands of
people.
• Protests & legal actions by environmentalists, NGOs and
project affected families.
• A large number of projects are held up in the state due to multiple uncertainties
and challenges - geological, natural disasters, environmental, socio-legal and
administrative.
• Solutions should be suggested during planning & design and implemented during
O & M.
THANK YOU!
HPPs Damaged by Floods, 2013
99 MW Singoli Bhatwari,
5 MW Motighat,
Kund, Uttarakhand, Floods
Pithoragarh,
2013
Uttarakhand, Floods
2013
400 MW
Vishnuprayag,
Alakananda,
Uttarakhand, Floods
2013
Social Protests against Hydropower Projects