CONSTRUCTION

MANAGEMENT
BAR CHART,MILESTONE CHART,NETWORK
THEORIES(CPM AND PERT)
BAR CHART
INTRODUCTION:
 A project generally consists of a number of
well-defined manageable units or activities
Which should be performed or completed in
a definite sequence, for the successful
completion of the project.
 These activities or jobs are those operations
of the project plan which take time to carry
out and on which resources are expanded.
 Out of the various tools or techniques of
project management, bar charts technique
was probably one of the earliest one.
 A bar chats were introduced by Henery Gantt
around 1900AD.
 In his work on production control, Gantt
developed the famous Gantt chart used on
many projects of moderate magnitude.
• A bar chart consists of two co-ordinate axes, one
(usually horizontal axis) representing the time elapsed
and the other (the vertical axis) represent the jobs or
activity of the project.
• Each bar represent one specific job or activity of the
project.
• The beginning and end of each represent the time of
start and time of finish of that activity: the length of bar,
therefore, represents the time require for the completion
of that job or activity.
• (Fig-2.1), shows the bar chart for a project which has
seven distinct jobs or activities( P,Q,R,S,T,U,V) to be
performed for its completion. The time duration
required for the completion of these activities are 10, 5,
10, 7, 5, 8 and 15 unit days respectively. From the chart,
we conclude the following:
• Activities P and Q can start
simultaneously, at zero time. Both the
activities are independent. However,
activity Q is completed much earlier than
activity P.
• Activity R starts only when activity Q is
complete.
• However, activity S is independent of
activity R. it starts earlier than R and is
completed earlier.
• Activities U and R can start
simultaneously, when activity Q is
complete.
• Activity V can start when activity P and S
are complete. End of activity V marks the
completion of the project.
• (Fig-2) shown another bar chart for the
project related to purchase and
installation of a lathe. The complete
project consists of five distinct activities.
Each activity cannot be started unless the
previous activity is finished.
From the above two examples, we find that
there are some operations or activities which
can take place concurrently while there are
some activities that succeed a preceding
activity and cannot be started unless the
preceding activities is complete. The
concurrent activities or jobs are represented
by bars running parallel or overlapping each
other time-wise. The other types of activities
have bars that run serially one after the
other.in (fig-2)
Development of Bar chart
The following are important stages in developing a bar chart:
• BREAK DOWN :
The project into its various activities or jobs or operations, each
representing manageable units for planning and control.
• DECIDE:
The method to be employed in execution of the project, as well as
for each activity or operation or task: also decide above the
sequence in which the activities are to be completed.
• ASSIGN:
duration of time for the completion of each activity. Once the
activities are separated and choice of method is made, it is
possible to estimate the time completion of each activity.
• REPRESENT :
The above information in the bar chart, indicating the relative
position of the each activity.
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES:
A TYPICAL SMALL HOUSE CONSTRUCTION PROJECT CONSISTS OF THE FOLLWING
OPERTION ALONG WITH TIME SET FOR ITS COMPLETION:
S.NO. OPERATION TIME (IN DAYS)
1. Survey, design and layout 3
2. Construction of foundations 5
3. Construction of superstructure 11
4. Roofing 5
5. Fixing doors and window frames 2
6. Plumbing and house drainage 3
7. Electric fitting 3
8. Plastering 4
9. Flooring 4
10. Carpentry work 4
11. Construction of boundary wall
and other minor items 3
12. Land shaping and clearing 2
13. White washing of walls and
painting of doors 3
14. Inauguration 1
The project commences on Wednesday, 14th October. Assuming five working
day in a week, prepare bar chart of the project.
State the assumptions made. Also determine (a) total time,
and date of completion of the project (b) expected progress
by 10th November.

SOLUTION:
the bar chart is shown in fig prepared with the following
assumptions regarding the sequence of various activities:
1. activity 2 can start only after activity is 1 over.
2. activity 3 can start even when half the work of
activity 2 is over.
3.activity 4 and 5 can start concurrently, but only after
activity 3 is over.
4. activity 6 and 7 can start concurrently, but only
after activity 5 is complete.
5.activity 8 can start only after activities 6 and 7 are
complete.
6. activity 9 can start even when half of activity 9 is
over.
7.activity 10 can start only when activity 8 is over.
8. activity 11 can start only when activity 11 is over
9. activity 12 can start even when activity 10 is half over.
10.activity 13 can start even when activity 10 is half over.
11. activity 14 is the last activity which marks the
completion of the project.

Cross(x) denotes the day on which there will be no

construction work.
From the bar chart shown in fig,
we find that project will be
complete on 30th November—48
days after its start. Also, the
progress up to 10th November will
be as follows:
(a) Activities 1, 2, 3 and 5 will be
completely over.
(b)Activities 4, 6 and 7 will have 2
days work left.
THANK YOU

LOHITH
MANOJ TM
MANOJ HJ
MANI KIRAN
RAMYA
AKHILA
NIRANJAN
SUMAN
PRAJWAL
HARSHA
JAISURYA
PAWAN