8-3 Circular Functions

Unit 8 Trigonometric and Circular Functions

Concepts and Objectives
 Unit Circle and Circular Functions (Obj. #28)
 Use the unit circle to define values for trig functions.

 Determine the measure of an angle based on the

coordinates of its trig value.
 Determine linear and angular speed of a rotating
point.
Unit Circle
2  1 3    1 3 
  , 
3  2 2  2
 0,1  , 
3 2 2 
   2 2
3  2 2   
 ,   , 
4  2 2  4
  2 2 
5  3 1      3 1
 ,   , 
6  2 2 6  2 2
  1,0 0  1,0 
 

7  3 1  11  3 1 
 ,  ,
6  2 2   6  2 2 
5  2 2   7  2 2
 ,   , 
4  2 2    4  2 2 

4  1 3 5  1 3
  3 ,
 ,
3  2 2 
  0, 1 3  2 2 
2
Circular Functions
 The circular functions of real numbers correspond to the
trigonometric functions of angles measured in radians.
y

(cos s, sin s) = (x, y)

s=
The trig functions and the
 circular functions lead to the
r x
same function values,
provided we think of the
angles as being in radian
measure.
Circular Functions
7  5 
 Example: Find the exact values of cos and tan   
4  3 
Circular Functions
7  5 
 Example: Find the exact values of cos and tan   
4  3 
7 2
cos s = x, so the x-coordinate at cos 
4 2
y 5 1 3 
tan s  , and at  , the coordinates are  , 
x 3 2 2 
3
y 3 3 1 3 2
 2   3 or     3
x 1 1 2 2 2 1
2
Approximating Circular Functions
 Example: Find a calculator approximation for each
circular function value.
(a) cos 1.85 (b) cot 1.3209 (c) sec(–2.9234)
Approximating Circular Functions
 Example: Find a calculator approximation for each
circular function value.
(a) cos 1.85 (b) cot 1.3209 (c) sec(–2.9234)

Make sure your calculator is in radians mode!

(a) cos 1.85 ≈ –.2756

(b) cot 1.3209 = (tan 1.3209)–1 ≈ .2552

(c) sec(–2.9234) = (cos(–2.9234))–1 ≈ –1.0243

Approximating Circular Functions
 
 Example: Approximate the value of s in the interval 0, 
if cos s = .9685.  2
Approximating Circular Functions
 
 Example: Approximate the value of s in the interval 0, 
if cos s = .9685.  2

cos–1 .9685 ≈ .2517

Since this value is in the quadrant given, this is our
value.
Approximating Circular Values
 3 
 Example: Approximate the value of s in   ,  if
cos s = –.367.  2
Approximating Circular Values
 3 
 Example: Approximate the value of s in   ,  if
cos s = –.367.  2

cos–1 –.367 ≈ 1.947.

However, in the quadrant given, the cosine should be
negative. Therefore, the answer would be –1.947.
Exact Circular Values
 3 
 Example: Find the exact value of s in the interval   , 
if tan s = 1.  2
Exact Circular Values
 3 
 Example: Find the exact value of s in the interval   , 
if tan s = 1.  2

5
tan s = 1 when x = y, which occurs at in the given
interval. 4
Linear and Angular Speed
 Suppose that point P moves at
a constant speed along a circle
of radius r. The measure of y
how fast the position of P is P
changing is called linear speed.
s
 If v represents linear speed,
then 
distance r x
speed 
time
s
v
t
Linear and Angular Speed
 As point P moves along the
circle, ray OP rotates around
the origin. The measure of how y
fast POB is changing is called P
angular speed.
s
 Angular speed, symbolized ,
is given as 
O r B x


t
where  is in radians.
Linear and Angular Speed
 Example: Suppose that point P is on a circle with radius
10 cm, and ray OP is rotating with angular speed /18
radians per second.
(a) Find the angle generated by P in 6 sec.
(b) Find the distance traveled by P in 6 sec.
(c) Find the linear speed of P in centimeters per second.
Linear and Angular Speed
 Example: Suppose that point P is on a circle with radius
10 cm, and ray OP is rotating with angular speed /18
radians per second.
(a) Find the angle generated by P in 6 sec.


18
 

18 6
6 
  radians
18 3
Linear and Angular Speed
 Example: Suppose that point P is on a circle with radius
10 cm, and ray OP is rotating with angular speed /18
radians per second.

(b) Find the distance traveled by P in 6 sec.

s  r
   10
s   10    cm
3 3
Linear and Angular Speed
 Example: Suppose that point P is on a circle with radius
10 cm, and ray OP is rotating with angular speed /18
radians per second.

(c) Find the linear speed of P in centimeters per second.

s
v
t
10
3 10 5
v   cm/sec
6 18 9
Homework
 College Algebra (brown book)
 Page 580: 9-42 (3s), 54-87 (3s)

 Turn in: 18, 30, 54, 60, 66, 72, 84

 Classwork: Algebra & Trigonometry (green book)

 Page 726: 15-36 (3s)