COGNITION AND

IT’S FUNCTIONS

CREATED BY:
1)PRANEEL.B
2)AThITH ROY.t
THE MEANING OF “COGNITION”

 Cognition is a term referring to the mental processes

involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension.

 It allows the subject to have an active role in the

processes of receiving, choosing, transforming,
storing, processing and retrieval of information,
allowing the subject to navigate the world around
him.
 THE MOST IMPORTANT COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS

The most important cognitive functions are :

1)Attention 2)Orientation 3)Memory
4) Gnosis
5)Executive functions 6) Praxis
7) Language 8)Locial cognition
9) Visuospatial skills.
 ORIENTATION
Orientation is the ability that allows awareness of oneself and one’s surroundings
at all times.
There are three types of orientation:
1)Personal orientation: the ability to integrate information relating to personal
history and identity.
2)Temporal orientation: ability to manage information regarding day, time, month,
year, holidays, seasons, a time for a certain behavior, etc.
3)Spatial orientation: the ability to handle information relating to where one is
coming from.
 GNOSIS
Gnosis is the ability of the brain to recognize previously learned information such as objects,
persons, or places collected from our senses.
1) Visual gnosis 2)Auditory gnosis
3)Tactile gnosis 4)Olfactory gnosis

5)Gustatory gnosis
Body schema: ability to recognize and mentally perceive the body as a whole and its various parts,
development of the movements that can be done with each, and orientation of the body in space.
 ATTENTION

 Attention is the ability to generate, direct, and maintain an appropriate state of alertness to
correctly process information.
TYPES:
1)Sustained attention 2)Selective attention 3)Alternating attention
4) Processing speed 5) Hemineglect
 EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS
 Executive functions are complex cognitive processes necessary for planning, organizing, guiding, revising,
regulating, and evaluating behavior necessary to adapt effectively to the environment and to achieve goals.

THIS INCLUDES:
1)Working memory 2)Planning 3)Reasoning 4)Flexibility
5)Inhibition 6)Decision making 7)Time estimation 8)Dual
execution
9)Branching (multitasking)
 PRAXIS
 Praxis refers to learned motor activity. In other words, praxis is the generation of volitional
movement for the performance of a particular action or towards achieving a goal.

TYPES:
1)Ideomotor praxis 2)Ideational praxis 3)Facial praxis
4)Visuoconstructive praxis
 LANGUAGE
Language is a high-level cognitive function that develops processes of symbolization
related to encoding and decoding.
FUNCTION:
1)Expression 2) Comprehension 3)Vocabulary 4)Naming
5)Fluency
6)Discrimination 7)Repetition 8)Writing 9)Reading
 MEMORY
Memory is the ability to encode, store, and effectively retrieve previously
learned information or past experiences.
TYPES:
1)Episodic memory 2)Semantic memory 3)Procedural memory
 SOCIAL COGNITION

Joint cognitive and emotional processes, by which we interpret, analyze, remember and
use information about the social world.
 It refers to how we think about ourselves, others and their behavior, social
relationships, and how we make sense of all that information and base our behavior
accordingly.
 VISUOSPATIAL SKILLS
Visuospatial skill is the ability to represent, analyze, and mentally manipulate objects.

TYPES:
1)Spatial relation: the ability to mentally perceive and manipulate objects in two dimensions.

2)Spatial visualization: ability to mentally perceive and manipulate objects in three dimensions.
 VIDEOS TO WATCH FOR UNDERSTANDING
COGNITION
• https://www.youtube.com/scishowpsych!

• http://www.psychologyunlocked.com/Psy

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FctU-QV8ZVo
THANK YOU