Kamal lochan pradhan

Redg No:-080121393
Branch-Electrical engineering
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
SIGNAL ANALYSIS AND BASIC CONCEPT
FOURIER TRANSFORM
ELECRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ELEMENT
WHY AND HOW HARMONICS OCCUR
PROBLEMS DUE TO HARMONICS
EFFECT ON EQUIPMENT
LIST OF DIFFERENT EQUIPMENT AND FACTOR
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
 INTRODUCTION

NOTHING IN THIS WORLD IS PERFECT ,EVERYTHING

COMES UP WITH SOME PROBLEM JUST LIKE
HARMONICS IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEM.

THE BASIC OBJECTIVE OF A DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

IS TO PROVIDE AN UNINTERUPTABLE POWER TO
CONSUMER

BUT DOES IT HAPPEN ? ?

SIGNAL ANALYSIS AND BASIC
CONCEPT
FOURIER TRANSFORM
FOR SQUARE WAVE:-

F(t)=(4/ ∏)*V[sin wt+(1/3)sin3wt+(1/5)sin5wt+….]

FOR TRIANGULAR WAVE:-

F(t)= (V/2)*(1-8/(n^2* ∏^2)*cos(nwt)

FOR SINE WAVE:-

F(t)=V*sin(wt)
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ELEMENT
1.ELECTRICAL ELEMENT:-
a) RESISTOR
b) CAPACITOR
c) INDUCTOR
2.ELECTRONICS DEVICES:-
a) DIODE
b) TRANSISTOR
c) FET
WHY AND HOW HARMONICS OCCUR
1.DUE TO PRESENCE OF NON LINEAR LOAD MAINLY THE
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT LIKE
SMPS,UPS,LASERPRINTERetc.

2. DUE TO CORE SATURATION IN TRANSFORMER WHEN

OPERATED MORE THAN RATED VALUE.

3. DUE TO VOLTAGE SURGE

PROBLEMS DUE TO HARMONICS
1.INCREASE IN POWER LOSS

2.DECREASE IN LIFE CYCLE

3.INCREASES NOISE IN COMMUNICATION

SYSTEM(TELEPHONE SYSTEM)

4.ERROR IN MEASUREMENT

5.CHANGE IN IMPENDACE VALUES

6.DECREASE IN POWER FACTOR

EFFECT ON EQUIPMENT
1.TRANSFORMER

2.ROTATING MACHINES

3.PROTECTIVE RELAY

4.CIRCUIT BREAKER

5.LIGHTIENING

6.CAPACITOR

7.MEASURING METER
8.ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVES
a. AC DRIVES

b .DC DRIVES

9.FUSES

10.CONDUCTORS

11.CABLES
 LIST OF DIFFERENT EQUIPMENT &
THEIR FACTOR
EFFECT CAUSE

HIGHER CURRENT HARMONICS LARGER MOTOR

HIGHER CURRENT HARMONICS LARGE MOTOR LOAD

LOW CURRENT HARMONICS LARGE DC OR AC INDUCTANCE

LOW CURRENT HARMONICS HIGH NO.PULSES RECTIFIER

LOW VOLTAGE HARMONICS LARGE TRANSFORMER

LOW VOLTAGE HARMONICS LOW TRANSFORMER IMPENDANCE

LOW VOLTAGE HARMONICS HIGH SHORT CIRCUIT CAPACITY
CONCLUSION
THE MAJOR PROBLEM IN HARMONIC IS THE HEATING
EFFECT AND DISRUPTION OF OPERATION THAT
INCLUDE FOR THE MOST PART ELECTRONICALLY
CONTROLLED EQUIPMENT. SO FOR QUALITY
PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS POWER SYSTEM DEVICES
IN THE POWER SYSTEM HARMONIC EFFECT SHOULD
BE AVOID WITH APROPRIATE TECHNIQUE
REFERENCES

1.ELECTRICAL INDIA
2.ARRILAGA AND WATSON
3.www.jolittech.com
4.www.powerlite.com.au
THANK YOU