ENGLISH FOR

ACADEMIC &
PROFESSIONAL
PURPOSES
LESSON 1: THE STRUCTURE OF THE ACADEMIC TEXTS
 WHAT IS AN ACADEMIC TEXTS?

An academic text is a written language that provides

information, which contain ideas and concepts that are
related to the particular discipline.
 ESSAY
argumentative text,
usually short (1,500 to
6,000 words).
SAMPLE ACADEMIC TEXT
(ESSAY) INTRODUCTION
Gives the reader with a clear idea of the emphasis and purpose of the
01 writing. It also provides the background of the argument, presents the
theoretical viewpoints, language, etc. that will be used, and describes
how the writing will be structured.

BODY
02 Where the essay's argument,
concepts and outcomes are
established and discussed.

CONCLUSION
03 Should not have any new facts or ideas, but
rather function as a brief repetition of the key
arguments and facts that have been treated in
the essay
RESEARCH PAPER
longer essay involving
library research (3,000 to
6,000 words).
 SAMPLE ACADEMIC TEXT
(RESEARCH PAPER)
Concisely discusses the essential
aspects of your paper such as the
Gives information and description of the Background of the Study, Objectives,
subject matter of the research. It must Significance, Research Design, data
contain keywords to predict the content collection techniques, data analysis
and tone of the research paper. It must be method, discussions of the findings,
SHORT, INFORMATIVE, made up of scope, conclusions.
only 15 to 20 WORDS. It must NOT be Giving 100- to 150- word discussions
in a sentence, not all capitalized, and not of the salient parts of the research
negative in tone. Jargons and acronyms paper
are a big NONO to research title writing.
TITLE ABSTRACT
Explains the background of the Research
Problem. States a set of specific Research
Questions, and of Optional hypotheses or
assumptions. The purpose of this section
is to let the readers see the connection of
the purposes of your research questions
not only with the current world condition,
but also with theoretical principles that
underlie your topic and other aspects of
your research.
INTRODUCTION
 SAMPLE ACADEMIC TEXT
(RESEARCH PAPER)
Present as finding of your study those that you have
analyzed and commented on. This can be done by To broaden the readers’ knowledge and
Explains the types and sources of data as means of graphical presentation, statistical method, understanding of the area covered by the
well as the method you used in collecting or written discussion. Findings resulting from research, recommend or let the readers
and analyzing the data you have gathered. thematically or theoretically gathered and analyzed positively consider some activities they
Enables the readers to determine how data with the capacity of leading you to a valid can possibly do to extend, modify,
objective and ethical you were in conclusion are explained in this section. Any replicate, or validate the findings of your
conducting the research and how possible conclusions stated in this part of the paper derive
research work.
it could be for them to replicate your their validity or truthfulness from factual or
logically determined data.
research study for validation purposes.

FINDINGS, DISCUSSION, RECOMMENDATION

METHOD & CONCLUSION S
 SAMPLE ACADEMIC TEXTS
(RESEARCH PAPER)
Follow a standard
documentary style.
This contains copies of table,
Alphabetize, identify, and
questionnaires, interview rates,
list down in this section all
observation checklist, and other
sources of knowledge you
materials that are indispensable or
used in carrying out your
necessary in completing your
study.
research study.

FIN.

REFERENCES APPENDI
X
RESEARCH ARTICLE
an essay written to be
published in scientific
journals
SAMPLE ACADEMIC TEXTS
(RESEARCH ARTICLE)

Title, Author, Introduction

Abstract, Keywords Method
-What is the context for
this project?
What did the
Descriptive - How does it fit in with
author(s) do to
information that other research on the
answer the
lets readers topic?
research
search for an - What is the research
question?
article. questions?
SAMPLE ACADEMIC TEXTS
(RESEARCH ARTICLE)

Conclusion
Results References
- What is the significance
- What was the answer of this project?
to the question? - Materials the
- How does it fit in with
- This is often shown in author(s) cited
what else is known about
tables and figures. when writing
the topic?
this paper.
 04
THESIS
Completed over a number of years. Offers an original
contribution to the research area. (20.000 words)
SAMPLE ACADEMIC TEXTS
(THESIS)
INTRODUCTIO
N
Usually longer than an
ABSTRACT abstract, and provides the
Write this last. It is an following: background to
overview of your the topic; brief review of
whole thesis, and is current knowledge (Can
include literature review
between 200-300 in some schools);
words. indicates gap in
knowledge, states aim of
your research and how it
fits into the gap; can
include hypotheses; can
include an outline of the
following chapters.
 SAMPLE ACADEMIC TEXTS
(THESIS)
LITERATU
RE METHODS
Often part of the Often the easiest part
REVIEW
Introduction, but can be of the thesis to write.
a separate section. It is Outlines which
an evaluation of method you chose and
previous research on why (your
your topic, where you
methodology); what,
show that there is a gap
when, where, how and
in the knowledge that
your research will why you did what you
attempt to fill. The key did to get your results
word here is evaluation.
SAMPLE ACADEMIC TEXTS
(THESIS)
RESULTS DISCUSSION CONCLUSION
Results contain the The Discussion This is where
facts of your research. should also relate you emphasize
Often you will include a your specific results that your
brief comment on the to previous research research
significance of key or theory. You aims/objectives
results, with the should point out have been
expectation that more what the limitations achieved
generalized comments were of your study,
about results will be and note any
made in the Discussion questions that
section. remain unanswered.
PURPOSES OF READING AN
ACADEMIC TEXTS
1. To locate a main idea;
2. To scan for information;
3. To identify gaps in existing studies;
4. To connect new ideas to existing ones;
5. To gain more pieces of information;
6. To support a particular writing assignment;
and,
7. To deeply understand an existing idea.
 Factors to Consider in Writing
Academic Text
ONE TWO THREE
Factors to Consider in Provide facts and Use precise and
Writing Academic Text evidence from accurate words while
credible sources; avoiding jargon

FOUR FIVE SIX

Take an objective point List references; Use cautious language.
of view; and,