Review

Time!
 MINERALS
______________
AND
ROCKS
 What you should
learnt?

• Identify common rock-forming minerals using

their physical and chemical properties.
• Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic .
 Think about it!

Do you consider water a mineral?

How about snowflake, or tube ice? Are
these minerals?
 MINERALS
• It is defined as a naturally occurring inorganic
substance, which can either be an element or
compound.
• It also has definite chemical composition so it can
be represented by a chemical formula.
 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1 LUSTER
• refers to the general appearance
of a mineral surface in reflected
light.
 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

2 CLEAVAGE
• refers to break along definite
plane surfaces
 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

3 COLOR
• refers to the color of freshly
broken surface of a mineral
 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

4 MAGNETISM
• refers to the property of being
attracted to or repelled by a
magnet
 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

5 HARDNESS
• refers to resistance to abrasion or
scratching
 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

6 FRACTURE
• refers to break irregularly when
they do not yield to cleavage
 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

7 CRYSTAL HABIT
• refers to the visible shape exhibited
by the minerals.
 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

8 STREAK
• refers to the color of finely formed
powder produced by rubbing the
mineral
CLASSES
OF
1• NATIVE ELEMENT CLASS
minerals composed of metals, their
MINERALS alloys and non metals.
according to
chemical
characteristics
CLASSES
OF
2 •
CARBONATE CLASS
minerals composed of
MINERALS carbonates, nitrates and borates.
according to
chemical
characteristics
CLASSES
OF
3 HALIDES CLASS
• minerals of anions of
MINERALS halogens (Cl, F, Br, I)
according to
chemical
characteristics
CLASSES
OF
4• OXIDES CLASS
minerals containing oxides and
MINERALS hydroxides
according to
chemical
characteristics
CLASSES
OF
5 •
PHOSPHATE CLASS
minerals containing phosphates,
MINERALS arsenates, vanadates, antimonates
according to
chemical
characteristics
CLASSES
OF
6• SILICATES CLASS
minerals composed of silicate
MINERALS tetrahedron
according to
chemical
characteristics
CLASSES
OF
7• SULFATES CLASS
minerals composed of sulfates,
MINERALS sulfides, chromates…
according to
chemical
characteristics
CLASSES
OF
8• SULFIDES CLASS
minerals composed of sulfides,
MINERALS selenides, tellurides…
according to
chemical
characteristics
 ROCKS
• Rocks are naturally occurring, solid aggregate,
mineral- like substances, formed through the
action of various processes such as heat, pressure,
aggregation and compaction and transformation of
its mineral components.
 TYPES OF ROCKS

1 IGNEOUS ROCKS
• rocks of magmatic origin with either
coarse grains or fine grains.
 TYPES OF ROCKS

1 IGNEOUS ROCKS
Process of formation: Cooling and
solidification of melted rocks either at or near
the surface or thousands of feet below the
surface.
 TYPES OF ROCKS

2 • SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
rocks formed from the sedimentation
and compaction of particles from
other rocks.
 TYPES OF ROCKS

2 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Process of formation: compaction of
accumulated sediments and fragments of
minerals.
 TYPES OF ROCKS

3• METAMORPHIC ROCKS
rocks formed from other types of
rocks that have been subjected to
intense temperature and pressure
 TYPES OF ROCKS

3 METAMORPHIC ROCKS

Process of formation: transformation of other

rocks into denser, small rocks.
ROCK CYCLE
Thank You!