FPT - 320 - Skill Development And Seminar

DEPARTMENT OF FOOD PROCESSING AND TECHNOLOGY

2017-18

Submitted To –
Submitted By – Er. Yashwant Kumar Patel
Chandrakant Keshi Assistant Professor
B.Sc FPT “V” Semester (Head Of Department)
Bio-Gas
Block diagram of Bio-gas Production

Methane(40-70)%

CO2 (30-60), H2-

Input Digester 1%, N2 -0.5%, CO-
1%, O2- 1%, H2S- 1%

Slurry
Input
Bio-Mass

Animal-waste Agro-waste

Dung Crop Residue

Slaughterhouse Vegetable Waste
Poultry-Casting Catering Waste
Dead Bodies Food processing Waste
Output
Methane(40-70)%
 CO2 (30-60)%
O2- - 1%
CO - 1%
H2S -1%
N2 -0.5%

By- product: Slurry( N-1.4%,P-1%,K-0.8%.)

Digester Types
Fixed-dome plants
Floating-drum plants

 Balloon plants
 Horizontal plants
 Earth-pit plants
 Ferro cement plants
Fixed-dome plants
Raw materials required
Construction
Working of Fixed Dome type of Bio-Gas
Cont..
Characteristics
The costs of a fixed-dome biogas plant are relatively low.

It is simple as no moving parts exist.

Here are also no rusting steel parts and hence a long life of the plant
(20 years or more) can be expected.

The plant is constructed underground, protecting it from physical

damage and saving space.

There wont be much external temperature effect.

Floating-drum plants
Raw materials required
Construction
Working
Cont..
Characteristics

Floating-drum plants are easy to understand and

operate.

They provide gas at a constant pressure.

Gas-tightness is no problem.
Applications of Bio-Gas
Advantages

Eco friendly energy production.

Smaller biogas production units can support lightning and
cooking.
Visible improvement in rural hygiene.
Environmental benefits on a global scale: Biogas plants
significantly lower the greenhouse effects on the earth's
atmosphere.
 Protects the earth's natural resources.
Conversion of natural organic waste into Bio-fertilizer.
Disadvantages

The main disadvantage is the loss of the organic waste for compost
or fertilizer. 
number of cattle owned by an average family of formers is
inadequate to feed a biogas plant
Very limited in the quantity of electricity it can produce on the
global scale .
There is little or no control on the rate of gas production, although
the gas can, to some extent be stored and used as required. 
Technical Details
Size of plant Quantity of No. of cattle Estimated cost
cattle dung heads required
required daily
1 cubic meters 25 kg 2-3 Rs.7,000/-
2 cubic meters* 50 kg 4-6 Rs.9,000/-
3 cubic meters 75 kg 7-9 Rs.10,500/-
4 cubic meters 100 kg 10-12 Rs.12,500/-
6 cubic meters 150 kg 14-16 Rs. 15,000/-

*A biogas plant of 2 cum capacity is sufficient for providing cooking

fuel to a family of 4 members.
Indian Scenario
In India its experimentation started in 1940.

The importance of energy was brought into sharp focus since the
1970’s oil shortage which escalated the prices of conventional
energy. Since then attention has shifted to alternative sources of
energy.

The Central Sector Scheme on National Biogas Program, which

mainly caters to setting up of family type biogas plants, has been
under implementation since 1981-82.