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Distribution of Active Volcanoes, Earthquake
Epicenters, and Major Mountain Belts
 VOLCANO
• A vent, hill or
mountain from which
molten or hot rocks
with gaseous material
have been ejected
GUIDE QUESTIONS
1. Do you know the
location of active
volcanoes in the
Philippines ?
2. Can you locate
them in the map?
 Categories of Volcanoes
• Active volcanoes 

• Dormant volcanoes 

• Extinct volcanoes 
 ACTIVE VOLCANOES
• have a recent history of
eruptions; they are likely to
erupt again
• LOCATION: Pacific Ring of Fire
• PHILVOLCS – Philippine Institute
of Volcanology and Seismology
• Number of Active Volcanoes in
the Philippines: 24 active
volcanoes (PHIVOLCS, 2020)
Active and Dormant Volcanoes in the
Philippines

Mt. Mayon Mt. Pinatubo

Mt. Balungao
Other terminologies
• TECTONIC PLATE-(also called lithospheric
plate) is a massive, irregularly shaped
slab of solid rock, generally composed of
both continental and oceanic
lithosphere.
• MOUNTAIN BELTS-A group of mountain
ranges with similarity in form , structure
and alignment.
 EARTHQUAKE’S EPICENTER
EPICENTER- the point
on the earth's surface
vertically above the
hypocenter (or focus),
point in the crust
where
a seismic rupture
begins.
 FIND THE EPICENTER
d= time difference x 100
where: 8
d = distance (km)
td = time difference in the arrival
time of P-wave and S-wave
(seconds)

This formula is suited because 8

seconds is the interval between the
times of arrival of the P-wave and S-
wave at a distance of 100 km.
Recording Time difference in Distance of
Station the arrival time of epicenter from
P-wave and S-wave the station (km)
(s)

Batangas 44.8

Puerto
42
Princesa

Davao 34
 SCALING
1cm:100km

1cm:1km

BATANGAS
PUERTO PRINCESA
DAVAO
 TRIANGULATION METHOD
• The used of three stations to identify the
epicenter of the earthquake.
 Locate the stations.

Batangas

Puerto Princesa
Davao
 Put the
appropriate
scaled measure
of the distance
of the stations
from the
epicenter.
5.6cm
Then , use a
compass to
form a circle.
5.25cm
1cm:100km
4.25cm
The intersection will be
the epicenter.

The epicenter is located

at Negros Oriental
 For activities:
• ..\Documents\Philippine Map.docx
• ..\Documents\P-wave and S-wave chart.docx
• COMPASS
• SCRAP PAPER
P-wave and S-Wave Chart
11d-Earthquake_Problems_Tutorial.pptx
P-WAVE AND S-
WAVE CHART
(ACTIVITY)
TRIANGULATION
METHOD ACTIVITY
Solve for the distance of the epicenter from
the station in km.
SCALING
• 1cm:100km

1cm:100km
 Where is/are
the epicentre/s
of the
earthquake?
COMPUTATION
ACTIVITY