9/14/21

The Kidneys
Recap activity: Recall how water levels are controlled in the body.

LO: Describe the structures of the nephron and how blood is

filtered.
Developing: Describe the parts of a nephron.

Securing: Explain how the structure of the nephron allows

filtration.

Exceeding: Explain how the structure of the nephron supports

reabsorption.

Extending: Explain the role of ADH in controlling body water

content.
The Kidneys

Inside each kidney are thousands of tiny

microscopic tubes called nephrons which filter
the blood.
Nephron Structure

Make a copy of
this diagram

6 minutes
1.
Blood flows through a network of capillaries
called a glomerulus, which runs inside the
Bowman’s capsule of
each nephron.
2.
The Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus are
adapted to let very small molecules, such as
water, urea and glucose, through into the
nephron. Large molecules such as proteins,
and blood cells, stay in the blood. This process
is called filtration.
3.
The filtration fluid flows
along inside the nephron. Selective
reabsorption of useful substances that the
body needs occurs here. This includes glucose
and some mineral ions. These substances are
pumped through proteins in the cell
membranes in the first convoluted tubule of
the nephron, by active transport. No glucose
is normally left in the urine.
4.
Water is reabsorbed by
osmosis, depending on
how much the body
needs. This happens in
the loop of Henle and in
the collecting duct.
5.
At the end of the nephron the remaining fluid
flows into the ureter. The fluid contains
excess water that the body does not need,
plus urea and other substances. It is now
called urine.
 KEYWORDS:

Task: Nephron
Glomerulus
Bowman’s Capsule
Create a flowchart to show
the stages of what happens Blood
in the nephron. Filtration
Try to use all the Selective
keywords! Reabsorption
Convoluted Tubule
Loop of Henle
Extending: Explain how the
Collecting Duct
close relationship between a
nephron and a capillary Ureter
supports reabsorption. Urine
 Small molecules (water,
Blood flows through a
glucose, etc.) pass through
network of capillaries called
from the blood into the
the glomerulus which runs
Bowman’s capsule. -
inside the bowman’s capsule.
Filtration

In the first convoluted

tubule useful substances
Water is reabsorbed by
(glucose, mineral ions) are
osmosis in the loop of Henle
pumped back into the blood
and in the collecting duct.
by active transport. –
Selective Reabsorption

Modelled
The remaining fluid (now
called urine) flows into the
ureter.
Answer
 Progress Check

State where water is reabsorbed in the nephron.

Describe the process of selective reabsorption.

Describe the fluid that flows into the

ureter.

Suggest how the nephron is well

adapted to carry out these processes.
Large surface area of
contact between the
nephron and capillaries.
The cell membrane of cells lining
the first convoluted tubule has
tiny folds called microvilli-
increasing the surface area:
volume ratio

Nephron
Adaptations

Lots of
mitochondria in
cells that have
protein pumps for
selective
reabsorption.
Kidney Dissection
Follow the instructions on the handout to
dissect your kidney and try to identify the
different structures.
 H
Controlling Water Content

When the pituitary gland detects there is

too little water in the blood, it releases the
hormone ADH (antidiuretic hormone) which
changes the permeability of the collecting
duct, allowing more water to be absorbed by
osmosis. This increases the concentration of
the urine.
 H
Negative Feedback
Negative feedback is where a change in a
factor, brings about the opposite change,
keeping things fairly constant.

ADH secretion and water absorption is an

example of this.
 H

Exam Question
Explain the role of ADH in regulating the water
content of the blood.
6 marks
 H

Mark Scheme
 Retrieval Practice How many points can you get in
the time limit?
1 point- this lesson 2 points- last lesson 3 points- last topic 4 points- last year

Describe the role Describe the

Describe what
of ADH in State the word processes of
occurs during
controlling water equation for filtration and
anaphase in
content of the photosynthesis. selective
mitosis.
blood. HIGHER reabsorption.

State which blood

Describe the
vessels carry
Draw and label a Define the term commercial use of
blood from the
bacterial cell. ‘osmoregulation’. three plant
body to the
hormones.
kidneys.

Describe how
Describe
xylem tissue is Explain the Explain what is
treatments for
well adapted for adaptations of the meant by enzymes
patients with
the process of nephron. being specific.
kidney failure.
transpiration.