WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

SYSTEM
Introduction
Presenter : Pham Ngoc Son, PhD.
 Communication Systems
• Provide electronic exchange of multimedia Data,
Voice, Video, Music, Email, Web pages, etc.
• Communication Systems of today are used for Radio,
TV broadcasting, Data and Public Switched
Telephone Network (voice, fax, modem)
– Cellular Phones
– Computer networks (LANs, WANs, and the
Internet)
– Satellite systems (pagers, voice/data, movie
broadcasts)
– Bluetooth (Cable replacement), WLAN, Sensor
Networks, LORA, ZigBee…
 Current Wireless Systems
• Cellular systems
• Wireless LANs
• Satellite Systems
• Bluetooth
• Ultra Wide Band Systems
• Zigbee (10 to 20 meters)
• LORA (more than 10 km in rural areas)
• …..
 Mobile vs Wireless

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 Wireless Networking

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 Mobile Networking

• Impact of Mobility on Networking:

– Location
– Addressing
– Handoff

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 Why Wireless Networking?

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 Cellular Systems: Reuse channels to maximize capacity
• Geographic region divided into cells
• Frequencies/timeslots/codes reused at spatially-separated
locations.
• Co-channel interference between same color cells.
• Base stations/MTSOs coordinate handoff and control functions
• Shrinking cell size increases capacity

BASE
STATION

MTSO
 Type of Cells

Global
Satellite

Suburban Urban
In-Building

Picocell
Microcell
Macrocell

Basic Terminal
PDA Terminal
Audio/Visual Terminal
 Type of Cells

• Cell radius can be vary from 10’s of meters in

buildings to 100’s of meters in the cities, up to several
km’s in the countryside.
• Macrocells provide overall area coverage.
• Microcells focus on slow moving subscribers moving
between buildings.
• Picocells focus on the halls of a theater or exhibition
center.
 Channel Capacity

• Shannon capacity:

𝐶=𝐵𝑊 × log 2 ( 1+ 𝑆𝑁𝑅 ) ( 𝑏𝑖𝑡 𝑠 / 𝑠/ 𝐻 𝑧 )

 

where:
BW: bandwidth.
SNR: received signal-to-noise ratio.

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 The Cellular Revolution
• Cellular is the fastest growing sector of communication industry
(exponential growth since 1982, with over 4.5 billion users worldwide
today)
• Four generations of wireless:
– First Generation (1G): Analog 25 or 30 KHz FM, voice only, mostly
vehicular communication.
– Second Generation (2G): Narrowband TDMA and CDMA, voice and
low bit-rate data. 2.5G increased data transmission capabilities
– Third Generation (3G): Wideband TDMA and CDMA, voice and high
bit-rate data.
– Fourth Generation (4G): OFDM modulation and MIMO solution to
increase the system capacity.
– The Fifth Generation Mobile Communication System (5G): high
speed, high capacity, massive number of connections, ultra-low
latency, and ultra-high reliability (ultra-high speed transmission of up
to 10Gps).
Network Architecture

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 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)

01011011 0101 1011

Access
Point

 WLANs connect “local” computers (100m range)

 Breaks data into packets
 Channel access is shared (random access)
 Backbone Internet provides best-effort service
 Poor performance in some apps (e.g. video)
 Wireless LAN Standards
• 802.11b
– Standard for 2.4GHz ISM band (80 MHz)
– Frequency hopped spread spectrum
– 1.6-10 Mbps, 500 ft range

Since 2008,
• 802.11a all WLAN
– Standard for 5GHz NII band (300 MHz) Cards have
– OFDM with time division
– 20-70 Mbps, variable range all 3
standards
• 802.11g
– Standard in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands
– OFDM
– Speeds up to 54 Mbps
 Satellite Systems

• Cover very large areas

• Different orbit heights
– GEOs (39000 Km)
– LEOs (2000 Km)
 Bluetooth

• Cable replacement RF technology (low cost)

• Short range (10m, extendable to 100m)
• 2.4 GHz band (crowded)
• 1 Data (700 Kbps) and 3 voice channels

• Widely supported by telecommunications, PC, and

consumer electronics companies
• Few applications beyond cable replacement
 LoRa: Long Range Radio

LoRa stands for Long Range Radio researched and

developed by Cycleo and later acquired by Semtech
company in 2012.
 Radio frequency identifiedcation (RFID)

Enables users to uniquely identify tagged objects

A conventional RFID system is made up of three

components:
• RFID reader.
• RFID antenna.
• RFID transponder (or tag) electronically programmed
with unique data

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Thank You !

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