Plot, Conflict, Theme,

Mood, Tone, and

Author’s Purpose
Learnin
g Target
s
 Explain how the elements specific to a genre
contribute to the theme of a particular literary
selection. EN10LT-Id-2.2.1
Explain how the elements specific to a genre
contribute to the theme of a particular literary
selection. EN10LT-Id-2.2.1
What does plot
mean in a story?
- A Plot is defined as the series of
events in the story that is
developed through cause and
effect relationship.
• A German playwright
and literary analyst
proposed a certain
figure that illustrates
how a plot develops.

• It is called the Freytag’s

Pyramid. It is based
upon Aristotle’s model
of the events in a
tragedy.
 • is also referred to as the beginning
of the story.

• It introduces the readers to some

of the characters. At this age the

EXPOSITION reader will know who the

protagonist (major character) is,
particularly his goals and
motivations.

• In most cases, the exposition also

contains the inciting incident, which
is the initial conflict encountered by
the protagonist, which brings about
the development of the subsequent
events.
 • refers to the building up of
events or the entanglement of
actions leading to the climax.

• This series of events contain

the other conflicts, which may
either be trivial or major but
will expose the readers to the
real personality of the major

RISING character.

ACTION
CONFLIC • are the problems encountered
by the major character in the

TS
story.

• It may be internal, when it

occurs only in the mind of the
character, or external, when it
is an outside force that
hinders the success of the
protagonist in achieving his
goal.
 • is the turning point of the story. It is when

CLIMAX the protagonist makes a major decision

that may bring him toward the realization
of what he is fighting for or his utter
downfall.

• At this point, the reader will understand

that in life, there is always a struggle
between good and evil as manifested by
the clash between the protagonist and the
antagonist.

• If a protagonist loses the battle, it may be

the result of a certain problem in his
psyche, which is referred to as his tragic
flaw, which is often a consequence of
hubris or excessive pride or self-
confidence.
FALLING
is the finality of all
ACTION actions, which most
of time showing the
readers that good
always triumph over
evil.
 • contains the revelation of what
DENOUEMENT happens to the main characters.
Or RESOLUTION
• It is the moment when the
resolution is achieved bringing
the readers to the moment of
catharsis.

Catharsis - the emotional

discharge or release achieved by
the readers after having been
under tension as he reads through
the story.
Author’s Purpose
- is the reason why and how the text was
written. It can be the main purpose for the
selection or the author’s reasons for
including elements within the text.
 
- Answers the question: Why does the
author write such literary work? What
are his reasons?
 
Narrative Techniques

- Also known as literary devices, narrative

techniques provide deeper meaning for the
reader and help the reader to use imagination to
visualize situations.

- Common techniques relevant to style, or the

language chosen to tell a story, include
metaphors, similes, personification, imagery,
hyperbole, and alliteration. (Use of figures of
speech)
 
That’s all for today,
Class.

Take care!