Review on Algebra

Laws of Exponents
a m  a n  a m n

23  2 2  23  2  25  32
 m
a mn
n
a
a

7
3
4
 7 4
3   27
33

3
 n 1 1
a  n n
a n
a a

1 1 1
2 5
 5  5
 2  32
5

2 32 2
 a   a
m n mn

2   2    2
3 2 32 6
 64

a b   a b
m n p mp np

2 3   2  3
3 2 2 3( 2 ) 2( 2)
 2  3  64(81)
6 4

 5184
Checking :
2 3
3    8 9   72  5184
2 2 2 2
Recall:
a  m n
a mn

1
n
a n

a
m
a mn
n
a
a
n 1
a  n
a
Adding Polynomials
Add 5x + 7 and 8 - 2x
Subtracting Polynomials
Distribute
negative
Add the terms that are alike.
2x -5x + x +3x -7
2 2

3x - 2x - 7
2

7a + 5b - (3a + b)
7a + 5b -3a - b
4a + 4b
X +3X +5X -2X2 -6X -10
3 2

combine like terms

X +X -X -10
3 2
 Special Product
 a  b  a  b   a 2
b 2

 4 x  3 y  4 x  3 y    4 x  4 x    3 y  3 y 
 16 x  9 y
2 2
 Special Product
 a  b 2
 a  2ab  b
2 2

 2x  3y 2
  2 x   2 2 x  3 y    3 y 
2 2

 4 x  12 xy  9 y
2 2
 Special Product
 a  b 2
 a  2ab  b
2 2

 2x  3y 2
  2 x   2 2 x  3 y    3 y 
2 2

 4 x  12 xy  9 y
2 2
 Special Type of Factoring

a  b   a  b  a  b 
2 2

9 x  4 y   3x    2 y 
2 2 2 2

  3x  2 y  3 x  2 y 
 2 2

16 x  4 y  4 4 x  y 2 2

 4 4 x 2
y 2

 4 2 x  
2
 y2

 4 2 x  y  2 x  y 
 Special Type of Factoring

a  2ab  b   a  b 
2 2 2

9 x  12 xy  4 y   3 x   12 xy   2 y 
2 2 2 2

  3x  2 y 
2
 Special Type of Factoring

a  2ab  b   a  b 
2 2 2

9 x  12 xy  4 y   3 x   12 xy   2 y 
2 2 2 2

  3x  2 y 
2
Factoring by Synthetic Division
Addition and Subtraction of
Fractions with
Common Denominator
a b ab ab
   lowest terms of
c c c c

a b a b a b
   lowest terms of
c c c c
Addition and Subtraction
of Fractions with
Distinct Denominators
LCD(c & d ) LCD(c & d )
a b
a b c d
 
c d LCD(c & d )
LCD (c & d ) LCD(c & d )
a b
a b c d
 
c d LCD (c & d )
Recall:
 x  y  x  y   x 2
y 2
Multiplication of Fractions
a b ab ab
   lowest terms of
c d cd cd
Division of Fractions
a
c  a / c  a  b  a  d  ad
b b / d c d c b bc
d
ad
 lowest terms of
bc
 5 x 4  13 x 3 y  4 x 2 y 2  2 xy 3  7 y 4
x 2  3xy  2 y 2

5 x 4  13x 3 y  4 x 2 y 2  2 xy 3  7 y 4  6 xy 3
 7 y 4
 5 x 2
 2 xy  2
x  3xy  2 y
2 2
x  3xy  2 y 2
5 x 4  13x 3 y  4 x 2 y 2  2 xy 3  7 y 4 6 xy 3
 7 y 4
 5 x 2
 2 xy  2
x  3xy  2 y
2 2
x  3xy  2 y 2
 Radicals
n
a
a  radicand
n  index of the radical , n  0
n  radical symbol
n
a  radical
Note : a  a
n 1/ n

For n  2, 2
a a
 Laws of Radicals
n
a a
m m/n

 x  1   x  1   x  1  x  2 x  1
3 6 6/3 2 2
  a
n
m
a m/n

 3
x 1  6

  x  1
6/3

  x  1
2

 x  2x 1
2
Addition and Subtraction
of Radicals
x  y  2 x  3 y  3 x  43 y

 x  2 x  3 x  y  3 y  43 y

  x  x  y  53 y
3
Multiplication of Radicals
with Same Indices
n
a  n b  n ab
 simplified form of ab
n
4
x y z  x y z  x y z
2 3 5 4 2 7 9 4 4 10 14


 x y z
4

10 14 1 / 4

x y z4/4 10 / 4 14 / 4

 xy z
5/ 2 7 / 2

 xy y z z
4 / 2 1/ 2 6 / 2 1/ 2

 xy y z z
2 1/ 2 3 1/ 2

 xy z  yz 
2 3 1/ 2

 xy z yz
2 3
 Imaginary Number
1  i  imaginary number

 12    1 4 3
 1  4  3
 i 2 3
 2i 3
 Division of Radicals
with Same Indices
n
a n a a
  simplified form of n
n
b b b
 2 6 10
x y z 2
x y z6 10
 4 3 5
4
x y z3 5
x y z
1/ 2
3 5
y z y z 
3 5
 2   2 
x  x 
3/ 2 5/ 2
y z
 2/ 2
x
2 / 2 1/ 2 4 / 2 1/ 2
y y z z

x
y y  z z yz yz
2 2
 
x x
Linear Equations
Quadratic Equation in One Unknown