Inde. Tntrgral-2

Cal-I: Indefinite Integrals-2 Dr.
Miraj Akand 01715315454 01615315454
DHAKA COMMERCE COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
Calculus-I
Integral Calculus Indefinite Integrals
Sheet No.-2
 Formulae
 Solved Problems
PROF. DR. MIRAJ AKAND

B.Sc. (Hons), M.Sc. (Math)
(First Class, DU)
M.Phil. (BUET), Ph.D. (JU)
Chairman
Department of Computer Science and Engineering(CSE)
Dhaka Commerce College
Dhaka-1216.
Faculty Member (Adjunct)
Department of Mathematics and Statistics
Bangladesh University of Business & Technology (BUBT)
Mirpur, Dhaka-1216.
Tutor
BBA Programme, School of Business, Bangladesh Open University, Gazipur.
Study Centre : Dhaka Commerce College, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216.
Mob: 01615315454, 01715315454 Email: mirajaknd@gmail.com
“Mathematics is the gate and key to all science” [MwYZ nj mKj weÁv‡bi cÖ‡ekØvi I PvweKvwV]
– Roger Bacon
“Mathematics is the science that draws necessary conclusions” [†h weÁvb cÖ‡qvRbxq wm×v‡šÍ †cuŠQv‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i, Zv nj MwYZ]
– Benjamin Peirce
“¯^cœ ev¯Íevqb bv nIqv ch©šÍ †Zvgv‡K ¯^cœ †`L‡Z n‡e| ¯^cœ †mUv bq †hUv Zzwg Nywg‡q †`‡Lv, ¯^cœ †mUv †hUv †Zvgvq Nygv‡Z †`q bv|”
– G wc †R Ave`yj Kvjvg
“k„•Ljv Rxeb‡K mg„× K‡i| †jvnv I Pz¤^‡Ki ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb GK n‡jI myk„•Lj AvYweK web¨v‡mi Kvi‡Y Pz¤^‡Ki i‡q‡Q
AvKl©Y kw³ hv †jvnvi †bB|Ó
“†jLv covq ïay cwikÖg wewb‡qvM bq, gbb Ges mvabvI wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| Zv bv n‡j mvdj¨ cvIqv KwVb| Ó
“GKwU †gavex, cÖwZwôZ Ges Av‡jvwKZ cwievi M‡o †Zvjvi Rb¨ A‡bK Kó Ki‡Z n‡e| Ó
“wbqwgZ PP©v bv Ki‡j, †Kej cÖwZfv w`‡q mvdj¨ cvIqv KwVb|Ó
“wb‡R‡K Ges cwievi‡K AMÖMwZi ¯^Y©wkL‡i wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ cwiï× cwiKíbv Abyhvqx K‡Vvi cwikÖg Ki‡Z n‡e| Ó
1
Cal-I: Indefinite Integrals-2 Dr. Miraj Akand 01715315454 01615315454
Some Formulae
Formulae for Quadratic form
1 1 x
 a 2  x 2 dx  a tan c
-1
4.1
a
1 1 ax
4.2  a 2  x 2 dx  2a log a  x  c
1 1 xa
4.3  x 2  a 2 dx  2a log x  a  c
4.4  x 2  a 2 dx 
x x2  a2 a2
2

 ln x  x 2  a 2  c
2

x x2  a2 a2

x
OR x 2  a 2 dx   sinh 1  c
2 2 a
x x2  a2 a2
4.5  x 2  a 2 dx 
2

2
log( x  x 2  a 2 )  c
x x2  a2 a2

x
OR x 2  a 2 dx   cosh 1  c
2 2 a
x a2  x2 a2 x
4.6  a 2  x 2 dx 
2
 sin 1  c
2 a
1 x
4.7  dx  sin 1 c
a x
2 2 a
1
4.8  x a
2 2
dx  log( x  x 2  a 2 )  c
1 x
OR  x a
2 2
dx  sinh 1
a
c
1
4.9  x a
2 2
dx  log( x  x 2  a 2 )  c
1 x
OR  x a
2 2
dx  cosh 1
a
c
2
Sheet No. Sheet Name Topics

Sheet No.: 1 Indefinite Integrals Indefinite Integrals: Index, Formulae,
Questions and Year Questions
Sheet No.: 2 Indefinite Integrals Indefinite Integrals: Formulae,
Solved Problems
Sheet No.: 3 Special Integrals Miscellaneous of Sheet No.: 1
Sheet No.: 4 Reduction Formula Indefinite Integrals: Questions and
for Indefinite Year Questions
Integral
Sheet No.: 5 Reduction Formula Definite Integrals: Questions and Year

for Definite Integral Questions
Sheet No.: 6 Gamma Function Definite Integrals: Definitions and
and Beta Function Theorems, Properties Definite Integral,
Gamma Function, Beta Function
Sheet No.: 7 Definite Integrals Definite Integrals: Definitions and
Theorems, Fundamental Theorem,
Definite Integrals, Method of
Substitution
Sheet No.: 8 Definite Integral as Definite Integrals: Questions and Year
the Limit of a Sum Questions
Sheet No.: 9 Length-Surface Index for Arc Length, Area, Volume
Index-1 and Surface Area: Questions and Year
Questions
Sheet No.: 10 Arc Length-2 Arc Length-2: Formulae for Arc Length,
Some Equations and Figures, Solved
Problems on Arc Length
Sheet No.: 11 Area-3 Area-3: Questions and Year Questions,
Solved Problems
Sheet No.: 12 Area-4 Area-4: Questions and Year Questions,
Solved Problems
Sheet No.: 13 Volume and Volume and Surface-5: Questions and
Surface-5 Year Questions, Solved Problems
3
Solved Problems
Group-I: 1
 1 
x 2 1  2 
x 1
2
x 1 2
 x 
1.1 x 4
1
dx NU-1994, 2004, 2011 Hint: 4
x 1

 1 
x2  x2  2 
 x 
x2 1
1.2  x4  1 dx
1  x  1   x  1
2 2
1 1
1.3  x4  1 dx Hint: 4  
x 1 2 x4  1
x2  1
1.4  x4  x2  1 dx NU-1997
dx
1.5  (x 2
 1) x
NU-1996 Put x  z 2
Group-II: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
* The integral is of the form (AvKvi wØNvZ):
1 1
(i)  ax 2
 bx  c
dx (ii)  ax2  bx  cdx (iii)  ax 2  bx  c
dx
1
2.1 x 2
 x 1
dx
1
2.2  3x 2
 2x  4
dx
1
2.3 x 2
 3x  2
dx DU-2019
1
2.4  2x  x 2
 10
dx
xdx
2.5 x 4
 x2  1
NU-1988
2 xdx
2.6 x 4
 2 x2  2
x 2 dx
2.7  x 6  6 x3  5
sec2 xdx
2.8  tan 2 x  tan x  3dx
4
dx
2.9  x (ln x) 2
x  7 ln x  10
3.1  5x 2  8x  4dx
3.2  4  3x  2 x2 dx
1
4.1  2 x  3x  4
2
dx NU-1997
dx
4.2  ( x   )(   x)
NU-1994, 2000, 2009(NM), 2011(NM), CSE-2008 Put   x  z 2

dx
4.3  ( x   )( x   )
Put x    z 2
xdx
4.4  ( x 2  a 2 )(b 2  x 2 )
NU-2009
1
4.5   x  2  3  x  dx CSE-2011
1
4.6   x  1 2  x  dx H-1990
dx
4.7 x 4  9(log x) 2
NU-1988
cos xdx
4.8  5sin x  12sin x  4
2
* For 5 and 6 : The integral is of the form (n‡i wØNvZ, j‡e GKNvZ):
px  q px  q
(i)  ax 2
 bx  c
dx (ii)  ax 2  bx  c
dx
W.R.: Dfq As‡Ki †ÿ‡Î ax 2  bx  c †K derivative K‡i j‡e wjL Ges Balance Ki|
Balance Ki‡Z wM‡q PjK †hvM we‡qvM Kiv hv‡e bv, Z‡e ayªeK †hvM we‡qvM Kiv hv‡e|
Gi ci AsKwU‡K `yBwU As‡K cÖKvk Ki(hw` cÖ‡qvRb nq)|
(7 x  9)dx
5.1 x 2
 2 x  35
CSE-2012, 2019
3xdx
5.2 x 2
 x2
NU-1988
5
( x  1)dx
6.1  x2  x  1
( x  2)dx
6.2  2 x2  8x  5
xdx
6.3  4x2  5
DU-2018
3xdx
6.4  ( x  1)(2  x)
NU-1990
* For 7 : The integral is of the form ( Gi evB‡i GKNvZ Ges Gi wfZ‡i wØNvZ):
  px  q  ax2  bx  cdx
W.R.: ax 2  bx  c †K derivative K‡i evg cv‡k¦© wjL Ges Balance Ki|

7.1  ( x  4) x2  2 x  7dx
7.2  ( x 1) x2  x  1dx
7.3  (2x  3) x2  4 x  13dx
7.4  (2x  3) 4 x2  8x  5dx
ax  b
8.1  cx  d dx
x2  x  1
8.2  x2  x  1 dx NU-2004
x2  x  1
8.3  x2  x  1 dx NU-2017
x2  2x  3
8.4  x2  x  1
dx NU-2017
Group-III: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

* For 9 : The integral is of the form
(Dfq Ask GKNvZ| GK As‡k Av‡Q, Ab¨ As‡k †bB):
1
  ax  b  cx  d
dx
W.R.: put cx  d  z 2
6
dx
9.1  ( x  1) x3
Put x  3  z 2
dx
9.2  (3x  1) 4x  3
NU-2017
x 3dx
9.3  (1  x )
4
1  x4
NU-2004
( x  1)dx
9.4 x x2
x 3 dx
9.5*  ( x  1) x  1
1
  ax  b  cx 2  d
dx
1
W.R.: put ax  b 
z
dx 1
10.1  (2 x  3) x  3x  2
2
NU-1988 Put 2 x  3 
z
dx
10.2 x x2  2x 1
NU-1998
dx
10.3  ( x  1) x2  2x
NU-2003
dx
10.4  ( x  1) x2  2x  2
dx
10.5  (2 x  3) x 2  3x  2
NU-2004(NM)
dx
10.6  ( x  1) x2  2x
NU-2003
dx
10.7  (1  x) 1  x2
NU-2005(NM)
2 xdx
10.8  (1  x )
2
x4 1
* For 11 : The integral is of the form (n‡ii Dfq Ask wØNvZ Ges je GKNvZ):
7
px
  ax 2
 b  cx 2  d
dx
W.R.: put cx 2  d  z 2
2 xdx
11.1  (1  x ) 2
x 12
Put x 2  1  z 2
* For 12 : The integral is of the form (n‡ii Dfq Ask wØNvZ):

1
  ax 2
 b  cx 2  d
dx
1
W.R.: put x  , AsKwU `yBwU av‡c m¤úbœ n‡e| 2q ch©v‡q 11 bs †K AbymiY Ki|
z
dx 1
12.1  (x 2
 1) x  4 2
NU-1997, 2000, 2014, CSE-2008, 2014, 2017 Put x 
z
dx
12.2  (1  x ) 2
1  x2
NU-1997, 2001, 2010, CSE-2012, 2018
dx
12.3 x 2
4  x2
DU-2019
dx
12.4 x 2
1  x2
NU-2002(NM)
( x  1)dx
13.1  (x 2
 4) x 2  9
( x  5)dx
13.2  (x 2
 2) x 2  3
xdx
13.3  ( x  1) x2  1
(1  2 x)dx
13.4  (1  3x) x2  2x  5
* For 14 : The integral is of the form (ni Ges je Dfq As‡k ):

dx
 (ax 2
 bx  c) px  q
W.R.: put px  q  z 2
( x  2)dx
14.1  (x 2
 3x  3) x  1
8

ax  b
 cx  d
dx
W.R.: je‡K gy³ Ki‡Z|

1 x
15.1  1 x
dx
 x 1 
15.2   dx
 x 1 
CSE-2008
 2x 1 
15.3   dx
 3x  2 
ax
15.4  ax
dx NU-2005(NM)
ax
15.5  x
dx
x 1  xdx
15.6  1 x
NU-1995
ax
15.7 x ax
dx NU-2005(NM)
1  x  x2
15.8  1 x
dx NU-2005(NM)
Group-IV: 16, 17 Partial Fractions

dx
16.1  x ( x  1)
2 2
NU-1987, 1989
x 2 dx
16.2  ( x  1)( x  2)2 NU-1990
dx
16.3  (x 2
 a )( x 2  a 2 )
2
xdx
16.4  (x 2
 a )( x 2  a 2 )
2
x 2 dx
16.5  ( x2  a2 )( x2  a 2 )
x3dx
16.6  ( x2  a2 )( x2  a 2 )
9
x 4 dx
16.7  ( x2  a2 )( x2  a 2 ) NU-1991
dx
16.8  (x 2
 9)( x 2  16)
x3dx
16.9  ( x2  4)( x2  9)
x2 dx
16.10  x4  x2 12
x 2 dx
16.11  x4  x2  2
xdx
16.12 x 4
 x2  2
dx
16.13  ( x 1) ( x 2 2
 4)
NU-1994
xdx
16.14  ( x  1)( x 2
 4)
NU-2008
(2 x 2  1)dx
16.15  ( x  1)2 ( x  2) NU-2008
dx
16.16  x(1  x 10
)
NU-1998, 2007, 2012
1
16.17 x 3
1
dx NU-2009
sin xdx
17.1  cos x(1  cos 2
x)
NU-1988
dx
17.2  sin 2 x  cos x NU-1993
dx
17.3  sin 2 x  sin x NU-2017
dx
17.4  sin x  tan x NU-1996, 2008(NM)
Group-V: 18, 19, 20

* For 18 : sin x, cos x †K tan x G cÖKvk Ki|
2 tan x 1  tan 2 x
Formulae: (i) sin 2 x  (ii) cos 2 x 
1  tan 2 x 1  tan 2 x
dx
18.1  3  2sin x NU-1987, 1989, 2007, CSE-2008, 2014, 2016
10
dx
18.2  3  2cos x NU-2009
dx
18.3  5  3cos x NU-1999
dx
18.4  5  4cos x NU-2004, 2009(NM), 2010(old), CSE-2019
dx
18.5  3  4cos x DU-2018
dx
18.6  1  sin x  cos x NU-1991
dx
18.7  2sin x  cos x  3 NU-1994
d
18.8  3sin   2cos  5 NU-1994, 2004, CSE-2012, 2015, 2017
dx
18.9  a cos x  b sin x NU-1992, 2012
sec x
18.10  a  b tan x dx NU-1996
* For 19 : l and m Gi AsK( je Ges ni Dfq As‡k sin x, cos x ):

d
W.R.: Numerator = l (Denominator) + m  Denominator 
dx
where l and m are constants
2sin x  3cos x
19.1  7sin x  2cos x dx NU-1992, 2005, DU-2018
2sin x  3cos x
19.2  3sin x  4cos x dx NU-2009
dx
19.3  a  b tan x NU-2004
cos xdx
19.4  sin x  cos x NU-2001
dx
OR  1  tan x NU-2000, 2007(NM)
* For 20 : l , m and n Gi AsK( je Ges ni Dfq As‡k sin x, cos x Ges aªæeK c` _vK‡e ):
d
W.R.: Numerator = l (Denominator) + m  Denominator  + n
dx
where l , m and n are constants
11
1  sin x  cos x
20.1  1  sin x  cos xdx NU-1994, 1997, 2014
5cos x  6
20.2  2cos x  sin x  3dx NU-1995
3sin x  4cos x  5
20.3  2  cos x  2sin x
dx CSE-2011
Group-VI: 21  e  f ( x)  f ( x) dx  e f ( x)  c
x x
Formula:
1  sin x
e
x
21.1 dx NU-2009
1  cos x
1  sin 2 x
e
2x
21.2 dx NU-2005, CSE-2012, 2015
1  cos 2 x
 2  sin 2 x  dx
e
x
21.3 CSE-2019
1  cos 2 x
(1  x)
e
x
21.4 dx NU-2005
(2  x)2
x2  1 x2  1  2 x 1 2
e    f ( x)  f ( x)
x
21.5 dx NU-2005 Hint:
( x  1)2 ( x  1) 2
x  1 ( x  1) 2
 1 x 
2
 e  1  x2  dx
x
21.6 NU-2006(NM)
 1  x ln x 
e
x
21.7  dx NU-2003(NM), 2007(NM), 2016, 2018
 x 
xe x
21.7  1  x  dx 2
Group-VII: 22
Integration by Parts:
 du 
Formula:  uvdx  u  vdx     vdx dx  c
 dx 
x
22.1  1  cos x dx NU-2002(NM), 2011(NM)
x  sin x
22.2  1  cos x dx NU-1993, 1995, 1996, 2003, 2011(NM)
ln(ln x)
22.3  x
dx NU-2006(NM)
12
log xdx
22.4  ( x  1) 3
NU-1987, 1989, 1996, 1996(old) Hint: uv  partial fractions
log( x  1)dx
22.5  x 1
NU-1994, 1999, 2007
22.6  log( x  x2  a 2 )dx NU-1991
 (sin
1
22.7 x) 2 dx NU-1992
 tan
1
22.8 xdx NU-1994
Group-VIII: 23
eax  a sin bx  b cos bx  eax  a cos bx  b sin bx 
Formulae : (i)  eax sin bxdx  (ii)  eax cos bxdx 
a 2  b2 a 2  b2
3
x
23.1 cos xdx NU-2002
a
x
23.2 cos bxdx
13
Solved Problems
Group-I: 1
x2  1
1.1  x4  1 dx NU-1994, 2004, 2011
x2  1
Solution: Let I   4 dx
x 1
 1 
x 2 1  2 
  x  dx
 1 
x2  x2  2 
 x 
 1 
1  2 
  x  dx
2
 1 1
 x    2x
 x x
1 1
 dz Put x  z
 2
2
z2  x
 1 
1 z  1  2  dx  dz
 tan 1 c  x 
2 2
 1
x 
tan 1 
1 x
 c
2 2
1  x2 1 
 tan 1  c (Answer)
2  2 x 
x2 1
1.2  x4  1 dx
x2 1
x 1
 1 
x 2 1  2 
  x  dx
 1 
x2  x2  2 
 x 
 1 
1  2 
  x  dx
2
 1 1
 x    2x
 x x
14
1 1
 dz Put x  z
 2
2
z2  x
 1 
 z 2  1  2  dx  dz
1  x 
 ln  c
2 2  z  2 
 1 
1  x x  2 
 ln  c
2 2  x 1  2 
 
 x 
1  x2  1  2 x 
 ln  c (Answer)
2 2  x 2  1  2 x 
1
1.3 x 4
1
dx
1  x  1   x  1 1 x 2  1 1 x 2  1
2 2
1
Hint: 4     4  
x 1 2 x4  1 2 x  1 2 x4  1
1
Solution: Let I   dx
x 1
4
1 ( x 2  1)  ( x 2  1)
  dx
2 x4  1
1 x2  1 1 x2 1
  4 dx   4 dx
2 x 1 2 x 1
 1   1 
x 2 1  2  x 2 1  2 
1
   x  dx  1  x  dx
2 2 2 1  
2 2 2 1 
x x  2  x x  2 
 x   x 
 1   1 
 1 2   1 2 
1
   x  1
dx    x  dx
2 2
2  1 1 2  1 1
 x    2x  x    2x
 x x  x x
1 1
Put x  z Put x  t
x x
 1   1 
  1  2  dx  dz  1  2  dx  dt
 x   x 
1 1 1 1
I  dz   dt
   
2 2
2 z2  2 2 t2  2
1 1 z 1 1 t 2
  tan 1   ln c
2 2 2 2 2 2 t 2
15
1 1
x x  2
1 x 1 x
 tan 1 ln c
2 2 1
2 4 2 x  2
x
1  x2 1  1  x2  2 x 1 
 tan 1    ln  2   c (Answer)
2 2  2 x  4 2  x  2 x 1 
Note That
1 1
(i) x1
dx   2 2
4
(x ) 1
dx  x 2 is not x
1 1
(ii)  2 dx   dx  3x is not x
9x  4 (3x)  22
2
x  power 1, coefficient 1 and positve
x2  1
1.4  x4  x2  1 dx NU-1997
x2  1
x  x2  1
 1 
x 2 1  2 
  x  dx
 1 
x2  z 2  1  2 
 x 
1
1
 x 2 dz
1
x2  2  1
x
1
1 2
 2
x dz
 1 1
 x    2x 1
 x x
dt 1
 Put x  t
t  ( 3) 2
2
x
1 t  1 
 tan 1 c  1  2  dx  dt
3 3  x 
1
x
1 x c
 tan 1
3 3
1 x2 1
 tan 1 c (Answer)
3 3x
16
dx
1.5  (x 2
 1) x
NU-1996 Put x  z 2
dx
Solution: Let I  
( x  1) x
2
2 zdz Put x  z 2

 z 4  1 z  dx  2 zdz
2dz

z4 1
Hint: 4
1

 z 2  1   z 2  1 z 2  1 z 2  1
 4 
z 1 z4 1 z 1 z4 1
Group-II: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
* The integral is of the form (AvKvi wØNvZ):
1 1
(i)  ax 2
 bx  c
dx (ii)  ax2  bx  cdx (iii)  ax 2  bx  c
dx
1
2.1 x 2
 x 1
dx
1
x  x 1
2
1
 2
dx
 1 1
 x    1 1 1 x
 2 4 a 2
x 2
dx  tan -1
a a
1
 2
dx
1  3
2

x   
 2  2 
 1
2  x 
 tan 1  2 c
3  3 
 
 2 
2  2x 1 
3  3 
1
2.2  3x 2
 2x  4
dx
1
3x  2 x  4
2
17
1
 dx
 2 2 4
3 x  x  
 3 3
1 1
 
3  2
1 4 1
dx
x   
 3 3 9
1 1
  2
dx
3  1   13 
2
1 1 x
x  
 3  3 
 a 2
x 2
dx  tan -1
a a
 1
 x 
3 3 c
 tan 1 
13  13 
 
 3 
3  3x  1 
13  13 
1
2.3 x 2
 3x  2
dx DU-2019
1
x  3x  2
2
1
 2 2
dx
3 3 3
x  2 x        2
2
2 2 2
1
 2 2
dx
 3 1
 x    
 2 2
3 1
x  1 1 xa

1
ln 2 2  c  ln 2 x  4  c x 2
a 2
dx  ln
2a x  a
2
1 3 1
x  2x  2
2 2 2
x2
 ln c (Answer)
x 1
1
2.4  2x  x 2
 10
dx
xdx
2.5 x 4
 x2  1
NU-1988
xdx
x  x2  1
4
18
1 dz Put x 2  z
 
2 z  z 1
2
 2 xdx  dz
1 1
  2
dx 1
 xdx  dz
2  1 1 2
 z    1
 2 4
1 1
 
2  2
 
2
dx
1 3
z    
 2  2 
 1
 z 
1 2 2 c
  tan 1 
2 3  3 
 
 2 
1  2z 1 
 tan 1  c
3  3 
1  2 x  1 
2
1
 tan  c (Answer)
3  3 
2 xdx
2.6 x 4
 2 x2  2
x 2 dx
2.7  x 6  6 x3  5
sec2 xdx
2.8  tan 2 x  tan x  3
sec2 xdx
tan 2 x  tan x  3
1 Put tan x  z
 dz
z  z 3
2
 sec2 xdx  dz
1
 2 2
dz
1  1   1 
z2  2  z         3
2 2 2
1
 2
dz
 1
2
 11 
z    
 2  2 
1
z
1 1 2 c
 tan
11 11
2 2
2 2z 1
 tan 1 c
11 11
19
2  2 tan x  1 
11  11 
dx
2.9  x (ln x) 2
 7 ln x  10
dx
x (ln x)  7 ln x  10
2
1 1
 dx
(ln x)2  7 ln x  10 x
1 Put ln x  z
 dz
z  7 z  10
2
1
 dx  dz
x
1
 2 2
dz
7 7 7
z  2  z         10
2
2 2 2
1
 2 2
dz
 7 3
 z    
 2 2
7 3
z 

1
ln 2 2  c  1 ln 2 z  4  c
2
3
z 
7 3 3 2 z  10
2 2 2
1 z2
 ln c
3 z 5
1  ln x  2 
3  ln x  5 
3.1  5x 2  8x  4dx
Solution: Let I   5x2  8x  4dx
 8 4
 5   x 2  x  dx
 5 5
2
 4  4 16
 5  x     dx
 5  5 25
 5
 4 4
2
 x    dx  x 2  a 2 dx 
x x2  a2 a2
2

 ln x  x 2  a 2
2

 5  25
2 2
 4 2
 5  x      dx
 5 5
20
 2 2 
  x    x     
2
4 4 2 2
   2 
4   2  
2
 5  5 5  5 4 
 5  ln  x     x        c

2 2 5  5 5 
 
 
 4 2 8 4 
 x   x  x  4 
5 2  4
 5 
5 5 8
 ln  x    x 2  x    c (Answer)
 2 25  5 5 5 
 
 
 4
 x   5x  8x  4 2 5 
2
 4 4 
 
5 8
 ln  x    x 2  x    c (Answer)
2 25  5 5 5 

5x  4 5 x 2  8 x  4 2 5 

4 8 4 
ln  x    x 2  x    c (Answer)
10 25  5 5 5 
3.2  4  3x  2 x2 dx
Solution: Let I   4  3x  2 x2 dx
 3 
  2  x 2  x  2 dx
 2 
 3
2
9 
 2    x     2dx
 4  16 
 3   41  
2 2
 2   x      dx
 4   4  

x a2  x2 a2 x
 41  
2
3
2
 a 2  x 2 dx   sin 1
 2      x   dx
2 2 a
 4   4
 2 
  x  3   41    x  3 
2
 41 
2
 
 3 

  
4  4  

4

4   x  
 2  sin 1  4   c
 2 2  41  
  
 4 
 
21
 2 
  x  3   41    x  3 
2

  
4  4  

4

41  4 x  3 
 2  sin 1    c (Answer)
 2 32  41  
 
 
 3
 x   4  3x  2 x
2
41 2 1  4 x  3 
 
4
 sin  c (Answer)
2 32  41 

 4 x  3 4  3x  2 x 2 41 2 1  4 x  3 
 sin  c (Answer)
8 32  41 
1
4.1  2 x  3x  4
2
dx NU-1997
1
2 x  3x  4
2
1
 dx
 3 
2  x2  x  2 
 2 
1 1

2  2
dx
 3  9
x  2
 4 16
1 1
2
 dx
2
3   23 
2

x   
 4  4 
 2
3   23  
2
1  3 
 ln  x     x      c
2  4  4   4  
 
1   3 3 

 ln  x    x 2  x  2   c
2   4 2 

1   3 3 

 ln  x    x 2  x  2   c (Answer)
2   4 2 

dx
4.2  ( x   )(   x)
NU-1994, 2000, 2009(NM), 2011(NM) Put   x  z 2
dx
( x   )(   x)
22
2 zdz Put   x  z 2

(  z 2   )  z  dx  2 zdz
dz
 2
  z2 
dz
 2
 
2
   z2
 z 
 2sin 1    c
  
 
  x 
 2sin 1    c (Answer)
   
xdx
4.4  ( x  a 2 )(b 2  x 2 )
2
NU-2009
xdx
( x  a 2 )(b2  x 2 )
2
 zdz Put b2  x 2  z 2

(b 2  z 2  a 2 )  z  2 xdx  2 zdz
dz
 
(b  z 2  a 2 )
2
dz
 
  z
2
b2  a 2 2
 z 
  sin 1  c
 b a 
2 2
 b2  x 2
1

  sin  2 c (Answer)
 b  a2 
 
1
4.5   x  2  3  x  dx CSE-2011
1
 x  2  3  x 
23
 2
1
zdz Put 3  x  z 2
3  z 2
 2z  x  3  z2
1  dx  2 zdz
 2 dz
1 z2
 2cos1 z  c
 2 cos 1 3  x 2 (Answer)
1
4.6   x  1 2  x  dx H-1990
1
 x  1 2  x 
 2
1
zdz Put 2  x  z 2
2  z 2
 1 z  x  2  z2
1  dx  2 zdz
 2 dz
1 z2
 2cos1 z  c
 2 cos 1 3  x 2 (Answer)
dx
4.7 x 4  9(log x) 2
NU-1988
dx
x 4  9(log x) 2
1 1
  dx
4  9(log x) 2 x
1 Put log x  z
 dz
4  9z2 1
 dx  dz
x
1
 dz
2
2
3    z2
3
1 z 1 3z
 sin 1  c  sin 1  c
3 2 3 2
3
1  3log x 
 sin 1  c (Answer)
3  2 
cos xdx
4.8  5sin 2 x  12sin x  4
24
cos xdx
5sin x  12sin x  4
2
1 Put sin x  z
 dz
5 z  12 z  4
2
 cos dx  dz
1
 dz
12 4
5 z  z
2
5 5
1 1

5  2 2
dz
6  6   6  4
z2  2  z        
5 5 5 5
1 1

5  2 2
dz
 6 4
 z    
 5 5
1  6  4 
2 2
6 
 ln  z     z      c
5  5  5 5 
 
1  5z  6 12 4
 ln   z2  z    c
5  5 5 5
1  5sin  6 12 4
 ln   sin 2 x  sin x    c (Answer)
5  5 5 5
* For 5 and 6 : The integral is of the form (n‡i wØNvZ, j‡e GKNvZ):
px  q px  q
(i)  ax 2
 bx  c
dx (ii)  ax 2  bx  c
dx
W.R.: Dfq As‡Ki †ÿ‡Î ax 2  bx  c †K derivative K‡i j‡e wjL Ges Balance Ki|
Formula:
f ( x)
(i)  dx  ln  f ( x)  c
f ( x)
f ( x)
(ii)  f ( x)
dx  2 f ( x)  c
(7 x  9)dx
5.1 x 2
 2 x  35
CSE-2012, 2019
(7 x  9)dx
x 2  2 x  35
25
7
 2x  2  2
22 dx
x  2 x  35
7 2x  2 1
  2 dx  2 2 dx
2 x  2 x  35 x  2 x  35
7 2x  2 1
  dx  2 dx
2 x  2 x  35  x  1   
2 2 2
34
 x 1 
 ln  x 2  2 x  35   2
7 1
tan 1  c (Answer)
2 34  34 
3xdx
5.2 x 2
 x2
NU-1988
3xdx
x  x2
2
1 1
 2 x  1 
 3 2 2 2 dx
x x2
1 1
 2 x  1
 3 22 dx  3 2 2 dx
x x2 x x2
3 2x 1 3 1
  2 dx   dx
2 x x2 2 x2  2  x  1  1  1  2
2 4 4
3 3 1
 ln( x 2  x  2)   2 2
dx
2 2  1 3
 x    
 2 2
1 3
x 
3 3 1 2 2 c
 ln( x 2  x  2)   ln
2 2 2 3 1 3
x 
2 2 2
3 1 2x  4
 ln( x 2  x  2)  ln c
2 2 2x  2
3 1 x2
 ln( x2  x  2)  ln c (Answer)
2 2 x 1
( x  1)dx
6.1  x2  x  1
( x  1)dx
x2  x  1
1 3
(2 x  1) 
2 2 dx
x  x 1
2
26
1 2x 1 3 1

2  x  x 1
2
dx  
2 x  x 1
2
dx
1 3 1
  2 x2  x  1   dx
2 2  2
1 1
 x    1
 2 2
3 1
 x2  x  1  
2  2 2
dx
1  1 
x  
 2   2 
3  1   1  
2 2
1 
 x  x  1  ln  x     x    
2
c
2  2  2   2  
 
3  1 
 x 2  x  1  ln  x    x 2  x  1   c (Answer)
2  2 
( x  2)dx
6.2  2 x2  8x  5
( x  2)dx
2 x2  8x  5
1
(4 x  8)dx
 4
2 x2  8x  5
1
  2 2 x2  8x  5  c
4
1
 2 x2  8x  5  c (Answer)
2
xdx
6.3  4x2  5
DU-2018
xdx
4 x2  5
1 8 xdx

8  4 x2  5
1
  2 4 x2  5  c
8
1
 4 x2  5  c (Answer)
4
27
3xdx
6.4  ( x  1)(2  x)
NU-1990
3xdx
( x  1)(2  x)
2  z2 Put 2  x  z 2
 6 zdz
(2  z 2  1) z  x  2  z2
2  z2  dx  2 zdz
 6 dz
1 z2
(1  z 2 )  1
 6 dz
1 z2
1
 6 1  z 2 dz  6  dz
1 z2
 z 1  z 2 1 1 
 6   sin z   6sin 1 z  c
 2 2 
 3z 1  z 2  9sin 1 z  c
 3 2  x 1  2  x  9sin 1 ( 2  x )  c
 3 ( x  1)(2  x)  9sin 1 ( 2  x )  c (Answer)
  px  q  ax2  bx  cdx
W.R.: ax 2  bx  c †K derivative K‡i evg cv‡k¦© wjL Ges Balance Ki| Gi ci AsKwU‡K
`yBwU As‡K cÖKvk Ki(hw` cÖ‡qvRb nq)|
7.1  ( x  4) x2  2 x  7dx
Solution: Let I   ( x  4) x2  2 x  7dx
1 
    2 x  2   3 x 2  2 x  7 dx
2 
1
   2 x  2 x2  2 x  7dx  3 x2  2 x  7dx
2
3
1  x  2x  7
2
 6  dx
2
 x  1
2
  3 
2
2 3
2
28
 x  1  x  1  6   6
2 2

2

 6    c
3
  x2  2x  7   3
1
ln  x  1   x  1
2

2
2
3 2 2 
3
  x  2 x  7  2   x  1 x 2  2 x  7  3ln  x  1  x 2  2 x  7   c
1 2 3
3 2  
3
  x  2 x  7  2   x  1 x 2  2 x  7  3ln  x  1  x 2  2 x  7   c
1 2 3
(Answer)
3 2  
7.2  ( x 1) x2  x  1dx
Solution: Let I   ( x  1) x2  x  1dx
1 1
    2 x  1   x 2  x  1dx
2 2
1 1
   2 x  1 x 2  x  1dx   x 2  x  1dx
2 2
1 1 1 1 1

2  x 2  x  1d ( x 2  x  1)   x 2  2  x     1dx
2 2 4 4
3
2
1 ( x 2  x  1) 2 1  1  3
2
     x      dx
2 3 2  2   2 
2
3
1
 ( x 2  x  1) 2
3
  
2 2 
 
2

 x 1   1  3 3 
   x         2
1  2  2  2    
2
  
2  ln  x     x   
1 1 3
        c
2 2 2  2   2   2  
 
 
1 2 3
1 1 3  1 
 ( x  x  1) 2   x   x 2  x  1  ln  x    x 2  x  1   c (Answer)
3 4 2 16  2 
7.3  (2x  3) x2  4 x  13dx
Solution: Let I   (2 x  3) x2  4 x  13dx
29
   2 x  4   1 x 2  4 x  13dx
   2 x  4  x 2  4 x  13dx   x 2  4 x  13dx
  x 2  4 x  13d ( x 2  4 x  13)   x 2  2  x  2  4  9dx

3
( x 2  4 x  13) 2
   ( x  2) 2  32 dx
3
2
 x  2  x  2  32
 
3 2
2 32
 ( x 2  4 x  13) 2   ln  x  2    x  2  32  c
2
3 2 2
 x  2  x 2  4 x  13 9
 
3
2 2
 ( x  4 x  13) 
2
 ln  x  2   x 2  4 x  13  c (Answer)
3 2 2
7.4  (2x  3) 4 x2  8x  5dx
**
( x 2  1)6
 ( x  1) d ( x  1) 
2 5 2
6
3
x2
 xdx 
3
2
3
( x  x  1)
2 2
 x 2  x  1d ( x 2  x  1) 
3
2
* For 8 : The integral is of the form (ni Ges je Dfq As‡k GKB PjK, GKB PjK ej‡Z Pj‡Ki
power †K eyS‡Z n‡e):
ax  b
 cx  d dx
W.R.: n‡i hv Av‡Q j‡e Zv wjL Ges Balance Ki| Balance Ki‡Z wM‡q mKj †ÿ‡Î PjK
†hvM we‡qvM Kiv hv‡e bv, Z‡e ayªeK †hvM we‡qvM Kiv hv‡e|
ax  b
8.1  cx  d dx
ax  b
cx  d
30
a  ad 
(cx  d )   b  

c  c 
dx
cx  d
 ad 
 b 
a cx  d
dx   
c 
  dx
c cx  d cx  d
a  bc  ad  1
  dx    dx
c  c  cx  d
a  bc  ad  1 c

c  dx    
 c  c cx  d
dx
a  bc  ad  1 c

c  dx    
 c  c cx  d
dx
ax bc  ad
  ln(cx  d )  k (Answer)
c c2
x2  x  1
8.2  x2  x  1 dx NU-2004
x2  x  1
x2  x  1
( x 2  x  1)  2 x
 dx
x2  x  1
x2  x  1 2x
 dx   2 dx
x  x 1
2
x  x 1
(2 x  1)  1
  dx   2 dx
x  x 1
2x 1 1
  dx   dx   2 dx
x  x 1
2
x  x 1
 x  ln  x 2  x  1  
1
2
dx
 1 1
 x    1
 2 4
 x  ln  x 2  x  1  
1
2
dx
1  3
2

 x    
 2  2 
 1
 x 
 x  ln  x 2  x  1 
2 2 c
tan 1 
3  3 
 
 2 
 2x 1 
 x  ln  x 2  x  1 
2
3  3 
31
x2  x  1
8.3  x2  x  1 dx NU-2017
x2  x  1
x2  x  1
( x 2  x  1)  2 x
 dx
x2  x  1
x2  x  1 2x
 dx   2 dx
x  x 1
2
x  x 1
(2 x  1)  1
  dx   2 dx
x  x 1
2x 1 1
  dx   dx   2 dx
x  x 1
2
x  x 1
 x  ln  x 2  x  1  
1
2
dx
 1 1
 x    1
 2 4
 x  ln  x 2  x  1  
1
2
dx
1  3
2

x   
 2  2 
 1
 x 
 x  ln  x 2  x  1 
2 2 c
tan 1 
3  3 
 
 2 
 2x 1 
 x  ln  x 2  x  1 
2
3  3 
x2  2x  3
8.4  x2  x  1
dx NU-2017
x2  2x  3
x2  x  1
( x 2  x  1)  ( x  2)
 dx
x2  x  1
x2  x  1 x2
 dx   dx
x2  x  1 x2  x  1
1 3
 2 x  1 
  
x 2  x  1 dx   2
x  x 1
2
2 dx
32
  1 1 
2
1 2x 1 3 1
    x     1  dx   dx   dx
  2 4  2 x 2
 x  1 2 x 2
 x  1
 
  1 1 
2
1 3 1
    x     1  dx   2 x 2  x  1   dx
  2 4  2 2 
2
1 1
 
 x    1
 2 4
 2 
1  3 
2
  1 3 1
   x       dx   2 x  x  1  
2
dx
  2  2   2 2 2
1  3
2
  
x   
 2  2 
 2 
1   3    3 2
2
 1  
 x    x     
 2   2   2    2   2
       
2
 
ln  x     x      
1 1 3
 
2 2  2  2   2  
 
 2
1  3 
2
1 3  1 
  2 x  x  1  ln  x     x    
2
 c
2 2  2  2   2  
 

 2 x  1 x 2  x  1 3  1 
 ln  x    x 2  x  1
4 8  2 
3  1 
 x 2  x  1  ln  x    x 2  x  1  c
2  2 

 2 x  1 x 2  x  1 15  1 
 ln  x    x 2  x  1   x 2  x  1  c (Answer)
4 8  2 
Group-III: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

* For 9 : The integral is of the form
(Dfq Ask GKNvZ| GK As‡k Av‡Q, Ab¨ As‡k †bB):
1
  ax  b  cx  d
dx (i)
1
, cx  d  z 2
(ax  b) cx  d
W.R.: put cx  d  z 2 (ii)
1
, ax  b 
1
(ax  b) cx  d
2 z
x
(iii) , cx 2  d  z 2
(ax  b) cx  d
2 2
1 1
(iv) , x
(ax 2  b) cx 2  d z
33
dx
9.1  ( x  1) x3
dx
( x  1) x  3

2 zdz Put x  3  z 2
 z  3  1  z
2
 x  z2  3
 dx  2 zdz
1
 2 dz
 2
2
z 
2
1 z2
 2 ln c
2 2 z2
1  x3 2
2  x  3  2 
dx
9.2  (3x  1) 4x  3
NU-2017
dx
(3x  1) 4 x  3
1 zdz Put 4 x  3  z 2
 
2  3  z  3 
2
 1  z  4dx  2 zdz

4
  z2  3
Here, x 
4
4 dz
 
2 3z  9  4
2
2 dz
3
 2
 5
z 
2

 3
5
z
2 1 3 c
  ln
3 5 5
2 z
3 3
1 3z  5
 ln c
15 3z  5
1 3(4 x  3)  5
 ln c (Answer)
15 3(4 x  3)  5
34
x 3dx
9.3  (1  x )
4
1  x4
NU-2004
x3dx
(1  x 4 ) 1  x 4
1 dz Put x 4  z
 
4 (1  z ) 1  z  4 x 3 dx  dz
1 2udu Put 1  z  u 2
 
4 (1  u 2  1)u  z  u2 1
 dz  2udu
1 du
 
2 ( 2) 2  u 2
1 1 2 u
  ln c
2 2 2 2 u
1 2  1 z
 ln c
2 2  1 z
1  2  1  x4 
2  2  1  x 4 

( x  1)dx
9.4 x x2
( x  1)dx
x x2
dx dx
 
x2 x x2
zdz Put x  2  z 2
2 x2
( z  2) z
2
 dx  2 zdz
dz
 2 x2
z  ( 2) 2
2
1 z 2
2 x2 ln c
2 2 z 2
1 x2 2
2 x2 ln c (Answer)
2 2 x2  2
x 3 dx
9.5*  ( x  1) x  1
35
x 3dx
( x  1) x  1
x 2 ( x  1)  x( x  1)  ( x  1)  1
 dx
( x  1) x  1
x2 x 1 1
 dx   dx   dx   dx
x 1 x 1 x 1 ( x  1) x  1
( z 2  1)2 ( z 2  1) 1 1 Put x  1  z 2
  2 zdz    2 zdz    2 zdz   2  2 zdz
z z z (( z  1  1) z  dx  2 zdz
 1 1
 2 ( z 4  2 z 2  1)dz  2  z  dz  2 dz  2 2 dz
 z z  ( 2) 2
1 5 2 3  z 
2
1 z
 2  z  z  z   2   ln z   2 z  2  tan 1 c
5 3   2  2 2 2
2 4 1 z
 z 5  z 3  z 2  4 z  2 ln z  tan 1 c
5 3 2 2
x 1
2
  4
  1
5 3
 x 1  x  1  x  1  4 x  1  2ln x 1  tan 1 c
5 3 2 2
(Answer)
1
  ax  b  cx 2  d
dx
1
W.R.: put ax  b 
z
dx
10.1  (2 x  3) x 2  3x  2
NU-1988
dx
(2 x  3) x 2  3 x  2
1 dz 1
2
 Put 2 x  3 
1  1  3z   1  3z 
2 z
z2     3 2
z  2z   2z  1
 2dx   dz
z2
1 2 zdz
 
2 z 1  3z   3  2 z 1  3z   8 z 2
2 1  3z
Here, x 
2z
dz
 
1  6 z  9 z  6 z  18 z 2  8 z 2
2
36
dz
 
1 z2
 cos 1 z  c
 1 
 cos 1  c (Answer)
 2x  3 
dx
10.2 x x  2x 1
2
NU-1998
dx
x x  2x 1
2
dz 1
  Put x 
1 1 1 z
z2  2
 2  1
z z z 1
dz  dx   dz
  z2
1 2z  z2
dz
 
  z 2  2 z  1
dz
 
  z  2z  1  2
2
dz
 
 2   z  1
2 2
 z 1 
  sin 1  c
 2 
1
1
  sin 1 x  c
2
 1 x 
  sin 1  c (Answer)
 2x 
dx
10.3  ( x  1) x2  2x
NU-2003
dx
( x  1) x 2  2 x
37
dz 1
  Put x  1 
1  1 z   1 z 
2 z
z2     2 
z  z   z  1
 dx   dz
dz z2
 
1  z   2 z 1  z  1 z
2
Here, x 
z
dz
 
1  2z  z2  2z  2z2
dz
 
1 z2
 cos1 z  c
 1 
 cos 1  c (Answer)
 x 1 
* For 11 : The integral is of the form (n‡ii Dfq Ask wØNvZ Ges je GKNvZ):
px
  ax 2
 b  cx 2  d
dx
W.R.: put cx 2  d  z 2
2 xdx
11.1  (1  x )
2
x2 1
2 xdx
(1  x 2 ) x 2  1
2 zdz Put x 2  1  z 2

(1  z 2  1) z  2 xdx  2 zdz
dz
 2 
z2
 1
 2   
 z
2

z
2
 c (Answer)
x2 1
* For 12 : The integral is of the form (n‡ii Dfq Ask wØNvZ):
1
  ax 2
 b  cx 2  d
dx
38
1
W.R.: put x  , AsKwU `yBwU av‡c m¤úbœ n‡e| 2q ch©v‡q 11 bs †K AbymiY Ki|
z
dx
12.1  (x 2
 1) x 2  4
NU-1997, 2000, 2014, CSE-2008, 2014, 2017
dx
( x 2  1) x 2  4
dz 1
  Put x 
1  1 z
z 2  2  1 2  4
z  z 1
 dx   dz
zdz z2
 
1  z 2
1 4z2
1 tdt Put 1  4z 2  t 2
 
4  t 2 1  8zdz  2tdt
1  t
 4 
t 2 1
dt Here z 2 
  4
 3
2
t2 
1  t 
 tan 1  c
3  3
1  1 4z2 
 tan 1  c
3  3 
 
 1 
 1 4 2 
1 x c
 tan 
1
3  3 
 
 
1  x2  4 
 tan 1  c (Answer)
3  3x 2 
 
dx
12.2  (1  x ) 2
1  x2
NU-1997, 2001, 2010, CSE-2012, 2018
dx
(1  x ) 1  x 2
2
39
dz 1
  Put x 
 1 1 z
z 2 1  2  1  2
 z  z 1
 dx   dz
zdz z2
 
z 2
 1 z 2  1
 
tdt Put z 2  1  t 2
 t 2  1  1  t  2 zdz  2tdt
dt
  Here z 2  t 2  1
 2
2
t2 
1  t 
 tan 1  c
2  2
1  z2 1 
 tan 1  c
2  2 
 
 1 
 1 
1 x 2
 tan 1  c
2  2 
 
 
1  1  x2 
 tan 1  c (Answer)
2  2 x2 
 
dx
12.3 x 2
4  x2
DU-2019
dx
x2 4  x2
dz 1
  Put x 
1 1 z
z2  2
4 2
z z 1
zdz  dx   dz
  z2
4z2 1
1 8 zdz
  1
8 4z2 1  x
dx  2 x
1
   2  4z2 1  c 1 4 1
8
4  4x  3
dx   2 4 x  3
4
1 4
 1  c 2x
 x 2  3 dx  2 x  3
2
4 x2
40
1
 4  x2  c (Answer)
4x
Another Calculation
dx
x2 4  x2
dz 1
  Put x 
1 1 z
z2  2
4 2
z z 1
 dx   dz
z2
zdz
 
4z2 1
1 tdt Put 4 z 2  1  t 2
4 t

 8 zdz  2tdt
1
   dt 1
 zdz  tdt
4 4
1
  t c
4
1 4
 1  c
4 x2
1
 4  x2  c (Answer)
4x
dx
12.4 x 2
1  x2
NU-2002(NM)
41
( x  1)dx
13.1  (x 2
 4) x 2  9
( x  1)dx
( x 2  4) x 2  9
xdx dx
 
( x  4) x  9
2 2
( x  4) x 2  9
2
For1st integral, put x 2  9  z 2 For 2nd integral, put x 

1
 x2  z 2  9 y
 2 xdx  2 zdz 1
 dx   dy
y2
zdz dy

( z  9  4) z 

2
 1  1
y2  2  4  2  9
y  y
dz ydy

z  ( 5) 2  1  4 y 2  1  9 y 2
2

1 z 5 1 tdt Put 1  9 y 2  t 2
 ln  
2 5 z 5 9  t 2 1  1
 1  4  t  y 2  (t 2  1)
 9  9
1
1 x2  9  5 dt  2 ydy   2tdt
 ln  9
2 5 x2  9  5 4t  5
2
1 x2  9  5 1 dt
4
 ln  2
2 5 x 9  5
2
 5
t 
2

 2 
1 x2  9  5 1 2 t
 ln   tan 1 c
2 5 x2  9  5 4 5 5
2
1 x2  9  5 1 1 2 1 9 y2
 ln  tan c
2 5 x2  9  5 2 5 5
9
2 1
1 x2  9  5 1 x2  c
 ln  tan 1
2 5 x 9  5
2
2 5 5
1 x2  9  5 1 1 2 x2  9
 ln  tan c (Answer)
2 5 x2  9  5 2 5 5x
42
( x  5)dx
13.2  (x 2
 2) x 2  3
( x  5)dx
Solution: Let I 
( x 2  2) x 2  3
xdx dx
 
( x  4) x  9
2 2
( x  4) x 2  9
2
For1st integral, put x 2  9  z 2 For 2nd integral, put x 

1
 x2  z 2  9 y
 2 xdx  2 zdz 1
 dx   dy
y2
zdz dy

( z  9  4) z 

2
 1  1
y2  2  4  2  9
y  y
dz ydy

z  ( 5) 2  1  4 y 2  1  9 y 2
2

1 z 5 1 tdt Put 1  9 y 2  t 2
 ln  
2 5 z 5 9  t 2 1  1
 1  4  t  y 2  (t 2  1)
 9  9
1
1 x2  9  5 dt  2 ydy   2tdt
 ln  9
2 5 x2  9  5 4t  5
2
1 x2  9  5 1 dt
4
 ln  2
2 5 x 9  5
2
 5
t 
2

 2 
1 x2  9  5 1 2 t
 ln   tan 1 c
2 5 x2  9  5 4 5 5
2
1 x2  9  5 1 1 2 1 9 y2
 ln  tan c
2 5 x2  9  5 2 5 5
9
2 1
1 x2  9  5 1 x2  c
 ln  tan 1
2 5 x 9  5
2
2 5 5
1 x2  9  5 1 1 2 x2  9
 ln  tan c (Answer)
2 5 x2  9  5 2 5 5x
43
xdx
13.3  ( x  1) x2  1
xdx
( x  1) x 2  1
{( x  1)  1}dx

( x  1) x 2  1
( x  1)dx dx
 
( x  1) x 2  1 ( x  1) x 2  1
dx dx
 
x 1
2
( x  1) x 2  1

 ln x  x 2  1    1 1 
dz
2
For 2nd integral, put x  1 
1
z
z2    1  1 1
z z   dx   dz
z2

 ln x  x 2  1    dz
(1  z ) 2  z 2

 ln x  x 2  1    dz
1 2z  2z2
 ln  x  x  1  
2 dz
 1
2  z2  z  
 2

 ln x  x 2  1   1
2 

dz
2
1 1
2
 z  
  
 2 2
 1 1   1  
 
2 2
1 
 ln x  x  1  ln  z    z        c
2
2  2
  2 2 


 ln x  x 2  1   1   1 1

ln  z   z 2  z    c
2   2 2


 ln x  x 2  1   1   1
ln 
2 
1
 
 x 1 2
1

1 1
 c
( x  1) x  1 2 
2

(Answer)
(1  2 x)dx
13.4  (1  3x) x2  2x  5
44
dx
 (ax 2
 bx  c) px  q
W.R.: put px  q  z 2
( x  2)dx
14.1  (x 2
 3x  3) x  1
( x  2)dx
( x  3x  3) x  1
2
z 2  1  2dx Put x  1  z 2
 2 zdz
( z 2  1)2  3( z 2 1)  3 z  x 1  z2
 dx  2 zdz
z2 1
 2 dz
z 4  2 z 2  1  3z 2
z2 1
 2 4 dz
z  z2 1
 1
z 2 1  2 
 2  z  dz
 1
z2  z2 1 2 
 z 
1
1
 2 z 2 dz
1
z2  2 1
z
1
1 2
 2 2
z dz
 1 1
 z    2z 1
 z z
dt 1
 2 Put z  t
t  ( 3) 2
2
z
1 t  1
 2 tan 1 c  1  2  dz  dt
3 3  z 
1
z
2 z c
 tan 1
3 3
2 z2 1
 tan 1 c
3 3z
2 x
 tan 1 c (Answer)
3 3( x  1)
45

ax  b
 cx  d
dx
W.R.: je‡K gy³ Ki|

1 x
15.1  1 x
dx
1 x
1 x
1  x 1  x 
 dx
1  x 1  x 
1 x
 dx
1  x2
1 x
 dx   dx
1 x 2
1  x2
1 2 x
 sin 1 x  
2 1  x2
dx
1
 sin 1 x   2 1  x 2  c
2
 sin 1 x  1  x 2  c (Answer)
 x 1 
15.2   dx
 x 1 
CSE-2008
 x 1 
Solution: Let I    dx
 x 1
x 1 x 1
 dx
x 1 x 1
x 1
 dx
x2  1
x 1
 dx   dx
x 1
2
x2  1
1 2x 1
  dx   dx
2 x 1
2
x2 1
1

  2 x2  1  ln x  x 2  1  c
2

46

 x 2  1  ln x  x 2  1  c  (Answer)
 2x 1 
15.3   dx
 3x  2 
ax
15.4  ax
dx NU-2005(NM)
ax
15.5  x
dx
x 1  xdx
15.6  1 x
NU-1995
x 1  xdx
1 x
x 1  x 1  x 
 dx
1  x 1  x 
x(1  x)
 dx
1  x2
x  x2
 dx   dx
1  x2 1  x2
x (1  x 2 )  1
 dx   dx
1  x2 1  x2
x 1  x2 1
 dx   dx    dx
1  x2 1  x2 1  x2
1 2 x 1
  dx   1  x 2 dx   dx
2 1  x2 1  x2
1 x 1  x 2 1 1
   2 1 x 
2
 sin x  sin 1 x  c
2 2 2
x 1  x 2 1 1
  sin x  1  x 2  c (Answer
2 2
Group-IV: 16, 17 Partial Fractions

x 4 dx
16.3  ( x2  a2 )( x2  b2 ) NU-1991
x 4 dx
Solution: Let I   2
( x  a 2 )( x 2  b2 )
47
  a 2   b 2  
2 2

  1 2  dx
 ( x  a 2 )(a 2  b 2 ) (b 2  a 2 )( x 2  b 2 ) 
 
a4 1 b4 1
  dx  2  2
dx  2  2
dx
(b  a ) x  a
2 2
(a  b ) x  b 2
2
a4 1 1  x  b4 1  x
 x  tan     tan 1    c
(b  a ) a
2 2
 a  (a  b ) b
2 2
b
a3 1  x  b3  x
 x tan    tan 1    c (Answer)
b a
2 2
 a  a b
2 2
b
Note That
1 1 1
(i)  
( x  1)( x  2) ( x  1)(1  2) (2  1)( x  2)
x2 32 (1)2 22
(ii)   
( x  3)( x  1)( x  2) ( x  3)(3  1)(3  2) (1  3)( x  1)(1  2) (2  3)(2  1)( x  2)
x4 (a 2 ) 2 (b 2 ) 2
(iii)  1  
( x 2  a 2 )( x 2  b 2 ) ( x 2  a 2 )(a 2  b 2 ) (b 2  a 2 )( x 2  b 2 )
dx
16.16  x(1  x 10
)
NU-1998, 2007, 2012
dx
x(1  x10 )
1 x9 
   10 
dx
 x 1 x 
1 1 10 x9
  dx   dx
x 10 1  x10
ln 1  x10   c
1
 ln x  (Answer)
10
1
16.17 x 3
1
dx NU-2009
1
x 1
3
1
 dx  (i )
 x  1  x 2  x  1
1 1 Ax  B
Let   2
 x  1  x  x  1  x  11  1  1 x  x  1
2
48
1 1 Ax  B
   2  (ii )
 x  1  x  x  1 3  x  1 x  x  1
2
1
3
 x  x  1   Ax  B  x  1
1 2
Collecting the coefficients of x 2 and x from both sides respectively, we get

1 1
0   A A 
3 3
1
and 0    A  B
3
1 1
0  B
3 3
2
B
3
Putting the value A and B in (ii), we get
1 2
 x
1 1
  23 3
 
x  1 x 2
 x  1 3  x  1 x  x  1
1 1 x2
  
 x  1  x  x  1 3  x  1 3  x  x  1
2 2
Equations (i) becomes

 1 x2 
I     dx
 3  x  1 3  x  x  1 
2
1 1 1 x2
 
3 x 1
dx   2
3 x  x 1
dx
1 3
1 2
2 x  1 
1
 ln  x  1   2 dx
3 3 x  x 1
2
1 1 2x 1 1 1
 ln  x  1   2 dx   2 dx
3 6 x  x 1 2 x  x 1
 ln  x  1  ln  x 2  x  1  
1 1 1 1
2
dx
3 6 2  1 1
 x   1
 2 4
 ln  x  1  ln  x 2  x  1  
1 1 1 1
2
dx
3 6 2  1  3
2
x   
 2  2 
49
1
x
 ln  x  1  ln  x 2  x  1  
1 1 1 1 2 c
tan 1
3 6 2 3 3
2 2
 2x 1 
 ln  x  1  ln  x 2  x  1 
1 1 1
3 6 3  3 
sin xdx
17.1  cos x(1  cos 2
x)
NU-1988
sin xdx
cos x(1  cos2 x)
dz Let cos x  z
 
z (1  z 2 )   sin xdx  dz
1 z 
    2 
dz
 z 1 z 
1 1 2z
   dz   2 dz
z 2 z 1
1
  ln z  ln( z 2  1)  c
2
1
  ln cos x  ln(cos 2 x  1)  c (Answer)
2
dx
17.2  sin 2 x  cos x NU-1993
dx
sin 2 x  cos x
dx

2sin x cos x  cos x
dx

cos x  2sin x  1
cos xdx

cos x  2sin x  1
2
cos xdx

(1  sin x)  2sin x  1
2
50
dz Let sin x  z

(1  z )  2 z  1
2
 cos xdx  dz
dz
 
( z  1)( z  1)  2 z  1
 
 1 1 1 
     dz
  z  11  1 2  1  1  1 z  1 2  1  1  1 1  1  2 z  1 
    
 2  2 
1 1 1 1 4 1
 
2 z 1
dz  
6 z 1
dz  
3 2z 1
dz
1 1 1 1 4 2
  dz   dz   dz
2 z 1 6 z 1 3  2 2 z 1
1 1 2
  ln( z  1)  ln( z  1)  ln(2 z  1)  c
2 6 3
1 1 2
  ln(sin x  1)  ln(sin x  1)  ln(2sin x  1)  c (Answer)
2 6 3
dx
17.3  sin 2 x  sin x NU-2017
dx
sin 2 x  sin x
dx

2sin x cos x  sin x
dx

sin x  2 cos x  1
sin xdx

sin x  2 cos x  1
2
sin xdx

1  cos x   2 cos x 1
2
dz Let cos x  z


1  z   2 z  1
2
 sin xdx  dz
dz

 z  1 z  1 2 z  1
 
 1 1 1 
    dz
  z  11  1 2  1  1  1 z  1 2  1  1  1 1  1  2 z  1 
    
 2  2 
51
1 1 1 1 4 1
 
2 z 1
dz  
6 z 1
dz  
3 2z 1
dz
1 1 1 1 4 2
  dz   dz   dz
2 z 1 6 z 1 3  2 2z 1
1 1 2
 ln( z  1)  ln( z  1)  ln(2 z  1)  c
2 6 3
1 1 2
 ln(cos x  1)  ln(cos x  1)  ln(2cos x  1)  c (Answer)
2 6 3
dx
17.4  sin x  tan x NU-1996, 2008(NM)
dx
sin x  tan x
dx

sin x
sin x 
cos x
cos xdx

sin x cos x  sin x
cos xdx

sin x  cos x  1
cos x sin xdx

sin 2 x  cos x  1
cos x sin xdx


1  cos2 x   cos x  1
 zdz Let cos x  z

1  z 2   z  1  sin xdx  dz
zdz

 z  1  z  1
z A B C
2
  
 z  1 z  1 z  1 z  1 ( z  1)2
2
zdz
  (i )
 z  1 z  1
2
z 1 1 A
Let   
 z  1 z  1  z  11  1  1  1 z  1 z 1
2 2 2
z 1 1 A
     (ii )
 z  1 z  1
2
4  z  1 2  z  1 2
z 1
1 1
z  z  1   z  1  A  z  1 z  1
2
4 2
Collecting the coefficients of z 2 from both sides, we get
52
1 1
0  A A 
4 4
Putting the value A in (ii), we get
z 1 1 1
   
 z  1 z  1
2
4  z  1 2  z  1 4  z  1
2
Equations (i) becomes

 1 1 1 
I      dz
 4  z  1 2  z  1 4  z  1 
2
1 1 1
 ln  z  1   ln  z  1  c
4 2  z  1 4
1 1 1
 ln  cos x  1   ln  cos x  1  c
4 2  cos x  1 4
1 1 1
 ln  cos x  1   ln  cos x  1  c (Answer)
4 2  cos x  1 4
Group-V: 18, 19, 20

* For 18 : sin x, cos x †K tan x G cÖKvk Ki|
2 tan x 1  tan 2 x
Formulae: (i) sin 2 x  (ii) cos 2 x 
1  tan 2 x 1  tan 2 x
dx
18.1  3  2sin x NU-1987, 1989, 2007
dx
3  2sin x
dx

x
2 tan
3 2 2
x
1  tan 2
2
x
sec2dx
 2
x x
3  3 tan 2  4 tan
2 2
dz x
 2 Let tan z
3z  4 z  3
2
2
1 x
 sec2 dx  dz
2 2
53
dz
 2
 4 
3  z 2  z  1
 3 
2 dz
 
3  2
2
4
 z   1
 3 9
2 dz
  2
3  2  5 
2
z    
 3  3 
 2
2 3 z 
  tan 1  3 c
3 5  5 
 
 3 
2  3z  2 
 tan 1  c
5  5 
 x 
 3 tan  2 
2 2
5  5 
 
dx
18.2  3  2cos x NU-2009
dx
3  2cos x
dx

x
1  tan 2
3 2 2
2 x
1  tan
2
x
sec2 dx
 2
x x
3  3 tan 2  2  2 tan 2
2 2
x x
sec2 dx Let tan z
 2 2
x
tan 2  5 1 x
2  sec2 dx  dz
2 2
dz
 2
 5
2
z2 
54
1  z 
 2 tan 1  c
5  5
 x
 tan 
2 2 c
 tan 1   (Answer)
5  5 
 
dx
18.3  5  3cos x NU-1999
dx
5  3cos x
dx

x
1  tan 2
53 2
x
1  tan 2
2
x
sec2 dx
 2
x x
5  5 tan 2  3  3 tan 2
2 2
x
sec2dx
 2
x
2 tan 2  8
2
x x
sec 2
dx Let tan z
1
  2 2
2 tan 2 x  4
1 x
2 2
1 dz
  2 2 2
2 z 2
1 z
 tan 1    c
2 2
 x
 tan 
1 2 c
 tan 1  
2  2 
 
1 1 x
 tan 1  tan   c (Answer)
2 2 2
dx
18.4  5  4cos x NU-2004, 2009(NM), 2010(old), CSE-2019
dx
5  4cos x
55
dx

x
1  tan 2
5 4 2
2 x
1  tan
2
x
sec2 dx
 2
x x
5  5 tan 2  4  4 tan 2
2 2
x
sec2
dx
 2
x
tan 2  9
2
1 x
 2 dz Put tan z
z  32
2
2
1 z 1 x
 2  tan 1  c Let  sec 2 dx  dz
3 3 2 2
x
 sec 2 dx  2dz
2
 x
 tan 
2 2 c
 tan 1  
3  2 
 
2 1 x
 tan 1  tan   c (Answer)
3 2 2
dx
18.5  3  4cos x DU-2018
dx
3  4cos x
dx

x
1  tan 2
3 4 2
x
1  tan 2
2
x
sec 2 dx
 2
x x
3  3 tan 2  4  4 tan 2
2 2
x
sec 2
dx
 2
x
7  tan 2
2
56
x
Let tan z
dz 2
 2
 7
2
 z2 1 x
 sec2 dx  dz
2 2
1  7z
 2 ln  c
2 7  7  z 
 x
7  tan 
1  2 c
 ln   (Answer)
7  7  tan x 
 2
d
18.8  3sin   2cos  5 NU-1994, 2004, CSE-2012, 2015, 2017
d
3sin   2cos   5
d

 
2 tan 1  tan 2
3 2  2 2 5
2 2
1  tan 1  tan
2 2
 2 
1  tan  d
  2
  
6 tan  2  2 tan 2  5  5 tan 2
2 2 2

sec2 d
 2
 
3 tan 2  6 tan 7
2 2
dz 
3z  6 z  7
2
2
2 dz 
  1
 sec2 d  dz
3 z2  2z  7 2 2
3
57
2 dz
 
3 z2  2z 1 1  7
3
2 dz
  2
3  2 
( z  1)  
2

 3
2 1 z 1
  tan 1 c
3 2 2
3 3
  
3  tan  1

1
tan 1  2 
c
3 2
1 1   
 tan 1   3 tan  3    c (Answer)
3 2  2 
dx
18.9  a cos x  b sin x NU-1992, 2012
dx
a cos x  b sin x
dx

x x
1  tan 2 2 tan
a 2 b 2
2 x 2 x
1  tan 1  tan
2 2
 2 x
1  tan  dx
  2
x x
a  a tan 2  2b tan
2 2
x
sec 2 dx
 2
2 x x
a  a tan  2b tan
2 2
dz x
a  az 2  2bz 2
dz
 2 1 x
 sec2 dx  dz
 2bz 
a  z 2   1 2 2
 a 
58
2 dz
a

b b2 b2
z2  2  z   2  2 1
a a a
2 dz
  2
a b   a 2  b2 
2

 z    
 a   a 

b a 2  b2
 z
2 1 a a
  ln c
a a b
2 2
b a  b2
2
2 z 
a a a
1  z  b  a 2  b2 
 ln  c
a 2  b2  z  b  a 2  b2 

 x 
 tan  b  a 2  b 2 
1 2
 ln  c (Answer)
a b
2 2 x
 tan  b  a 2  b 2 
 2 
* For 19 : l and m Gi AsK( je Ges ni Dfq As‡k sin x, cos x ):

d
W.R.: Numerator(je) = l (Denominator) + m  Denominator 
dx
2sin x  3cos x
19.1  7sin x  2cos x dx NU-1992, 2005, DU-2018
2sin x  3cos x
7sin x  2cos x
d
Let 2sin x  3cos x  l  7sin x  2cos x   m  7sin x  2cos x 
dx
 2sin x  3cos x  l  7sin x  2cos x   m  7 cos x  2sin x (i)
 2sin x  3cos x   7l  2m  sin x   2l  7m  cos x
Collecting the coefficients of sinx and cosx respectively, we get

7l  2m  2
2l  7m  3
14l  4m  4
14l  49m  21
53m  25
59
25
m 
53
25
and 7l  2  2 1
53  xdx  ln x
50 7 cos x  2sin x
7l  2 
53  7 sin x  2 cos x dx  ln(7 sin x  2 cos x)
56
7l 
53
8
l
53
Putting the values of l and m in (i), we get
8 50
2sin x  3cos x   7sin x  2cos x    7 cos x  2sin x (ii)
53 53
8 50
 7 sin x  2 cos x    7 cos x  2sin x 
 I   53 53 dx [by (ii)]
7 sin x  2 cos x
8 50 7 cos x  2sin x

53  dx  
53 7sin x  2cos x
dx
8 50
 x  ln  7sin x  2cos x   c (Answer)
53 53
2sin x  3cos x
19.2  3sin x  4cos x dx NU-2009
2sin x  3cos x
3sin x  4cos x
d
Let 2sin x  3cos x  l  3sin x  4cos x   m 3sin x  4cos x 
dx
 2sin x  3cos x  l  3sin x  4cos x   m  3cos x  4sin x (i)
 2sin x  3cos x   3l  4m  sin x   4l  3m  cos x
Collecting the coefficients of sinx and cosx respectively, we get

3l  4m  2
4l  3m  3
9l  12m  6
16l  12m  12
25l  18
18
l 
25
60
18
and 4  3m  3
25
6
 4  m 1
25
24
 m  1
25
1
m
25
Putting the values of l and m in (i), we get
18 1
 2sin x  3cos x  3sin x  4cos x   3cos x  4sin x (ii)
25 25
18 1
 3sin x  4 cos x    3cos x  4sin x 
 I   25 25 dx [by (ii)]
3sin x  4 cos x
18 1 3cos x  4sin x

25  dx  
25 3sin x  4cos x
dx
18 1
 x  ln  3sin x  4cos x   c (Answer)
25 25
* For 20 : l , m and n Gi AsK( je Ges ni Dfq As‡k sin x, cos x Ges aªæeK c` _vK‡e ):
d
W.R.: Numerator = l (Denominator) + m  Denominator  + n
dx
20.1  1  sin x  cos xdx NU-1994, 1997, 2014
1  sin x  cos x
d
Let 1  sin x  cos x  l 1  sin x  cos x   m 1  sin x  cos x   n
dx
 1  sin x  cos x  l 1  sin x  cos x   m  cos x  sin x   n (i)
 1  sin x  cos x   l  m  sin x   l  m  cos x   l  n 
Collecting the coefficients of sinx , cosx and constant term respectively, we get
l  m  1 

l  m  1
l  n  1 
2m  2
 m  1
61
l  0
and n 1
Putting the values of l , m and n in (i), we get
 1  sin x  cos x  1 cos x  sin x   1(ii)
1 cos x  sin x   1

I   dx [by (ii)]
1  sin x  cos x
cos x  sin x 1
  dx   dx
1  sin x  cos x 1  sin x  cos x
1
  ln 1  sin x  cos x    dx
x x
2 tan 1  tan 2
1 2  2
2 x x
1  tan 1  tan 2
2 2
x
sec2
  ln 1  sin x  cos x    2 dx
2 x x 2 x
1  tan  2 tan  1  tan
2 2 2
x x
sec2 Let tan z
  ln 1  sin x  cos x    2 dx 2
x
2  2 tan 1 x
2 2
1
  ln 1  sin x  cos x   2 dz
2  2z
1
  ln 1  sin x  cos x    dz
1 z
  ln 1  sin x  cos x   ln 1  z   c
 x
  ln 1  sin x  cos x   ln 1  tan   c (Answer)
 2
Group-VI: 21  e  f ( x)  f ( x) dx  e f ( x)  c
x x
Formula:
1  sin x
e
x
21.1 dx NU-2009
1  cos x
1  sin x
Solution: Let I   e x dx
1  cos x
62
 1 sin x 
e 1  cos x  1  cos x dx
x
 x x
 2sin cos 
1
  ex   2 2 dx

2 x 2 x
 2 cos 2 cos 
 2 2 
1 x x
  e x  sec2  tan dx
2 2 2
  e x  f ( x)  f ( x)dx Put f ( x)  tan

x
2
 e x f ( x)  c
1 x
 f ( x)  sec2
2 2
x
 e x tan  c (Answer)
2
1  sin 2 x
e
2x
21.2 dx NU-2005, CSE-2012, 2015
1  cos 2 x
1  sin 2 x
Solution: Let I   e2 x dx
1  cos 2 x
 1 2sin x cos x 
  e2 x   dx
 2cos x
2
2cos 2 x 
1 
  e2 x  sec2 x  tan x dx
2 
1 z 1 2 z z Put 2 x  z

2  e  sec  tan dz
2 2 2  2dx  dz
1 z z
e  f ( z )  f ( z )dz
2
 Let f ( z )  tan
2
1
 ez f (z)  c 1
 f ( z )  sec2
z
2 2 2
1 z
 e z tan  c
2 2
1
 e2 x tan x  c (Answer)
2
63
(1  x)
e
x
21.4 dx NU-2005
(2  x)2
(1  x)
(2  x)2
(2  x)  1
  ex dx
(2  x) 2
 (2  x) 1 
  ex   2
dx
 (2  x) (2  x) 
2
 1 1  Let f ( x) 
1
  ex   2
dx
 2  x (2  x)  2 x
1
  e x  f ( x)  f ( x)dx  f ( x)  
(2  x)2
 e x f ( x)  c
1
 ex c (Answer)
2 x
x2  1
e
x
21.5 dx NU-2005
( x  1)2
x2  1
( x  1)2
x2 1  2
  ex dx
( x  1)2
 x2 1 2 
 e  x
 2
dx
 ( x  1) ( x  1) 
2
 ( x  1)( x  1) 2 
  ex  
( x  1) 2 
dx
 ( x  1)
2
 x 1 2  x 1
  ex   2
dx Let f ( x) 
 x  1 ( x  1)  x 1
( x  1)1  ( x  1)1 2
  e x  f ( x)  f ( x)dx  f ( x)  
( x  1) 2
( x  1)2
 e x f ( x)  c
x 1
x 1
 1 x 
2
 e  1  x2  dx
x
21.6 NU-2006(NM)
64
 1 x 
2
Solution: Let I   e x  2 
dx
 1 x 
1  x2  2x
  ex dx
1  x  2 2
 
1  x2 2x 
  ex   dx
 1  x 2 2 1  x 2 2 
 
  Let f ( x) 
1
1 2x 
 e x
 dx 1  x2
1  x 2 1  x 2 2 
  2x
 f ( x)  
  e x  f ( x)  f ( x)dx 1  x 
2 2
 e x f ( x)  c
1
1  x2
 1  x ln x 
e
x
21.7  dx NU-2003(NM), 2007(NM), 2016, 2018
 x 
 1  x ln x 
Solution: Let I   e x  dx
 x 
1  Let f ( x)  ln x
  e x   ln x dx
x  1
 f ( x) 
  e x  f ( x)  f ( x)dx x
 e x f ( x)  c
 e x ln x  c (Answer)
Group-VII: 22
Integration by Parts:
The process of integration of the product of two functions is known as integration by parts.
 du 
Formula:  uvdx  u  vdx     vdx dx  c
 dx 
Here u is first function and v is second function
Note that-I
x
2
(i) sin xdx
65
x 2  First function- †h function †K differentiate Ki‡j result constant w`‡K avweZ nq, Zv‡K first function
ai‡Z n‡e|
(ii)  x sin 1 xdx
sin 1 x  First function- †h function Gi mivmwi Integration Gi m~Î †bB Zv‡K first function ai‡Z n‡e|
(iii)  e x sin xdx
†h †Kvb GKwU‡K first function ai‡jB n‡e| KviY, GLv‡b (i) I (ii) wbqg we`¨gvb bq|
(iv)  log xdx   1.log xdx
GLv‡b GKwU ivwk _vK‡jI g‡b Ki‡Z n‡e `ywU ivwk| „1‟†K ¸Y AvKv‡i we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e, logx †K first function a‡i
integration Ki‡Z n‡e|
Note That-II
logx, sin-1x, cos-1x, tan-1x, cosec-1x, sec-1x, cot-1x, sinh 1 x, cosh 1 x, tanh 1 x , cos eh1 x, sech 1 x ,
coth 1 x BZ¨vw` ivwk †Kvb As‡K _vK‡j, G‡`i‡K first function ai‡Z n‡e|
x
22.1  1  cos x dx NU-2002(NM), 2011(NM)
x
1  cos x
x
 dx
x2
2 cos
2
1 x

2  x sec2 dx
2
1 x 1 d x 
 x  sec2 dx    ( x)  sec2 dx  dx
2 2 2  dx 2 
1 x 1 x
 x tan  2   1 tan  2dx
2 2 2 2
x x
 x tan   tan dx
2 2
x  x
 x tan  2 ln  sec   c (Answer)
2  2
x  sin x
22.2  1  cos x dx NU-1993, 1995, 1996, 2003, 2011(NM)
x  sin x
1  cos x
66
x sin x
 dx   dx
1  cos x 1  cos x
x
 dx  ln 1  cos x 
x 2
2 cos
2
1 x
  x sec2 dx  ln 1  cos x 
2 2
1 x 1 d x 
 x  sec2 dx    ( x)  sec 2 dx  dx  ln 1  cos x 
2 2 2  dx 2 
1 x 1 x
 x tan  2   1 tan  2dx  ln 1  cos x 
2 2 2 2
x x
 x tan   tan dx  ln 1  cos x 
2 2
x  x
 x tan  2 ln  sec   ln 1  cos x   c (Answer)
2  2
Group-VIII: 23
eax  a sin bx  b cos bx  eax  a cos bx  b sin bx 
Formulae : (i)  e sin bxdx 
ax
(ii)  e cos bxdx 
ax
a 2  b2 a 2  b2
3
x
23.1 cos xdx NU-2002
Solution: Let I   3x cos xdx

x  eln x
  eln 3 cos xdx [ x  eln x ]
x
3x  eln 3  e x ln 3  e ax
x
  e x ln 3 cos xdx where ln 3  a
  eax cos xdx, where a  ln 3
eax (a cos x  1 sin x)

 c
a2  1
3x
 (ln 3  cos x  sin x)  c (Answer)
(ln 3)2  1
a
x
23.2 cos bxdx
Solution: Let I   a x cos bxdx
  eln a cos bxdx [ eln x  x]

x
x  eln x
 e x ln a
cos bxdx
a x  eln a  e x ln a  e kx
x
  e kx cos bxdx, where k  ln a where ln a  k
67
ekx (k cos bx  b sin bx)

 c
k 2  b2
ax
 (ln a  cos bx  b sin bx)  c (Answer)
(ln a)2  b2
68
x2 x2
 2
 x  2  x  3 x  5 x  6
x 2  5 x  6 3x3
1 1 15 1
2  2   2
7 7 7 7
3  21 
(5 x  7)   4  
3x  4 5  5
 5x  7dx   5x  7
dx
3 5x  7 1 1 3 1 5
  dx   dx   dx   dx
5 5x  7 5 5x  7 5 5  5 5x  7
3 1
 x ln(5 x  7)
5 5 5
1 1  1 1 
 ( x  7)( x  3)dx  10   x  3  x  7 dx
1  1 1 
 ( x  7)( x  3)   (3  7)( x  3) ( x  7)(7  3) dx
dx   
 1 1 
    dx
 10( x  3) 10( x  7) 
1  1 1 
   dx
10  x  3 x  7 
1
 xdx  ln x  c
1
 x  2dx  ln( x  2)  c
cos x
 sin x  2dx  ln(sin x  2)  c
sin x
 cos x  2dx   ln(cos x  2)  c
69

Inde. Tntrgral-2

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Cal-I: Indefinite Integrals-2 Dr.

Miraj Akand 01715315454 01615315454

DHAKA COMMERCE COLLEGE

PROF. DR. MIRAJ AKAND

Mob: 01615315454, 01715315454 Email: mirajaknd@gmail.com

Sheet No. Sheet Name Topics

Sheet No.: 5 Reduction Formula Definite Integrals: Questions and Year

NU-1994, 2000, 2009(NM), 2011(NM), CSE-2008 Put   x  z 2

W.R.: ax 2  bx  c †K derivative K‡i evg cv‡k¦© wjL Ges Balance Ki|

7.2  ( x 1) x2  x  1dx

7.3  (2x  3) x2  4 x  13dx

7.4  (2x  3) 4 x2  8x  5dx

Group-III: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

* For 12 : The integral is of the form (n‡ii Dfq Ask wØNvZ):

* For 14 : The integral is of the form (ni Ges je Dfq As‡k ):

* For 15 : The integral is of the form (ni Ges je Dfq As‡k ):

W.R.: je‡K gy³ Ki‡Z|

Group-IV: 16, 17 Partial Fractions

Group-V: 18, 19, 20

* For 19 : l and m Gi AsK( je Ges ni Dfq As‡k sin x, cos x ):

22.6  log( x  x2  a 2 )dx NU-1991

x  power 1, coefficient 1 and positve

Solution: Let I   5x2  8x  4dx

 3 ( x  1)(2  x)  9sin 1 ( 2  x )  c (Answer)

Solution: Let I   ( x  4) x2  2 x  7dx

7.2  ( x 1) x2  x  1dx

Solution: Let I   ( x  1) x2  x  1dx

7.3  (2x  3) x2  4 x  13dx

Solution: Let I   (2 x  3) x2  4 x  13dx

  x 2  4 x  13d ( x 2  4 x  13)   x 2  2  x  2  4  9dx

7.4  (2x  3) 4 x2  8x  5dx

Group-III: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

For1st integral, put x 2  9  z 2 For 2nd integral, put x 

For1st integral, put x 2  9  z 2 For 2nd integral, put x 

* For 14 : The integral is of the form (ni Ges je Dfq As‡k ):

* For 15 : The integral is of the form (ni Ges je Dfq As‡k ):

W.R.: je‡K gy³ Ki|

Group-IV: 16, 17 Partial Fractions

Collecting the coefficients of x 2 and x from both sides respectively, we get

Equations (i) becomes

dz Let cos x  z

cos x sin xdx

Equations (i) becomes

Group-V: 18, 19, 20

* For 19 : l and m Gi AsK( je Ges ni Dfq As‡k sin x, cos x ):

Collecting the coefficients of sinx and cosx respectively, we get

Collecting the coefficients of sinx and cosx respectively, we get

1 cos x  sin x   1

  e x  f ( x)  f ( x)dx Put f ( x)  tan

(ii)  x sin 1 xdx

(iii)  e x sin xdx

(iv)  log xdx   1.log xdx

Solution: Let I   3x cos xdx

  e x ln 3 cos xdx where ln 3  a

  eax cos xdx, where a  ln 3

eax (a cos x  1 sin x)

Solution: Let I   a x cos bxdx

  eln a cos bxdx [ eln x  x]

  e kx cos bxdx, where k  ln a where ln a  k

ekx (k cos bx  b sin bx)

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