CAUSE AND EFFECT

ATIN HERAWATI
XII GRADE
SMKN 1 CIAMIS
STUDY THIS!
CAUSE AND EFFECT

A cause is the reason something happened.

=> It answers the question: Why did this happen?

An effect is the result.

=> It answers the question: What happened?
 LOOK AT THE EXAMPLE!
1. The police arrested him because he broke into a bank.
2. He missed the early train; therefore, he was too late for the job interview.
3. She can't read the letter as she is illiterate.
4. He didn’t pay his taxes in time; as a result, he was given a penalty.
5. He can't run fast for he is too fat.
6. Due to the bad weather, they didn't go for a picnic.
7. She didn't do what she had promised; as a consequence, she disappointed everyone around
her. 
8. The plane was delayed, so I had to wait for five hours.
9. Thanks to his intelligence, he attracted the attention of all the guests.
 CONNECTORS

due to, owing to, because of, as a result of, as a

consequence of , because, since, for, hence, thus,
therefore, thereby, consequently, as a result.
 FORMULAS
1. Connector+ Cause, + Effect
* Due to the rain, we cannot go to the beach
2. Effect + Connector + Cause
* John is able to win the golf champion as a result of his extensive practices
= Cause and effect + Verb or Clause
Because her brother lives in Jakarta, she must visit him every month
S V Adv of Place

My arms are hurt. Hence, i cannot swim today

COMPARE!

• My arms are hurt. Hence, i cannot swim today

S V Adj. C S M V Adv of time
• Thanks to his intelligence, he attracted the attention of all
C N S V N

the guests.
CONCLUSION

• Because, hence, is followed by Complete sentence ( S,V,O)

• My arms are hurt. Hence, i cannot swim today
S V Adj. C S M V Adv of time

• Because of is followed by N (noun)

EXERCISE 1!

1.Due to, because of; thanks to

+ ........................................

2. Because ; since ; as ; for

+ .................................................
EXERCISE 2!

• 1. We stayed inside………………………… the storm. (because / because of).

• 2. I wanted to stay longer ………………………… I was really enjoying the party. (since / because of)
• 3. Tom stayed at home ………………………… his illness. (as / due to)
• 4. Her lateness was………………………… a terrible traffic jam. (due to / because)
• 5. ………………………… flights are cheaper in the winter, we decided to travel then. (since / owning to)
• 6. ………………………… she hated cats, she wasn’t happy when her husband bought three. (as / because of)
• 7. Ali didn’t go to work ………………………… his illness. (owing to / as)
• 8. ………………………… Sara was very tired, she went to bed early. (because / due to)
• 9. ………………………… his late night, John missed his train. (because / owing to)
• 10. We were late for the plane ………………………… the traffic. (because of / because)