Jal Jeevan Mission

Engineering principles for assured potable

water to every rural household

A.Muralidharan, Deputy Adviser

Ministry of Jal Shakti
Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation

19 December, 2020
New Delhi
 Key Engineering Principles under the mission

• Demystify the water supply engineering for community participation;

• End-to-end solution - from source – infrastructure – service delivery –
grey water management;
• Priority for decentralised simple low-cost systems;
• Optimum utilisation of existing assets;
• Sources and structures to last full design period;
 Key Engineering Principles under the mission

• Value engineering based design - low capital and life cycle costs ;
• In-village infrastructure - Easy O & M by community post commissioning;
• Difficult areas - Terrain specific engineering solutions;
• Factors governing the selection of pipe materials;
• Equity in service delivery; and
• IoT based monitoring.
 Demystify Engineering for Community Participation

• The community must have a sense of ownership of the assets being created under
this Mission – Hon’ble PM.
• Involve in planning, implementation, management, O&M ;
• Community involvement in planning – GP approved Village Action Plans;
• Approved Village Action Plans – basis for in-village infrastructure design in DPR;
• No additional component to be included in DPR other than ones in VAPs;
• Implementation - Social Audit of works for quality and quantity;
• Management – VWSC/ GP day-to-day operation; and
• O&M – GP/ VWSC to work as Utility with community contribution;
 Principles for water source selection and sustainability - 1

• As per CGWB, 48% blocks (3,275 out of 6,834) have both quantity and quality
groundwater;
• Use hydro-geo morphological maps, services of Groundwater Department for site
selection and depth;
• While designing, adopt groundwater sources certified for yield by State Source Finding
Committee;
• New bore wells site selection - away from the radius of influence of agriculture bore
wells;
• Include mission funded dedicated bore well recharge structures in the DPR;
• DPRs to include recharge structures exclusively for water supply suiting locations.
 Principles of water source selection and sustainability - 2

• Schemes with irrigation canals as sources – Have summer storage structures for non-
running period of the canals;
• 95% dependability criteria (water availability) for surface water sources – certificate
from owner Department;
• Repairs for existing water bodies – integrate in VAP for source sustainability;
• Contamination of existing surface source – address contamination - not shift source.
• In rocky terrains, unconventional recharge techniques - bore blasting, fracture seal
cementation, stream blasting etc.,
 Principles of water source selection and sustainability - 3

• In drought prone/ desert areas, suggest construction of big storage tanks to store
rainwater for summer for conjunctive use.
• Combined Water Supply Schemes – increased water security by rain water harvesting;

• Fence restored surface water storage structures – SS tanks in AP;

• Encourage social policing to protect .

• For spring sources, identify spring-sheds for their development and maintenance

• Spring rejuvenation- Demarcate recharge area -physical and vegetative measures for
revival.
 In-village Infrastructure

• What is it ? Mentioned in the guidelines page 38 for both MVS and SVS;
• Map existing assets and assess its life for use in mission;
• Plan for repairing and strengthening them, instead of new ones;
• The design period of the infrastructure to be based on its effective life expected
considering the current advancements in construction; routine 15 year
recommendation to be avoided;
• Laying of pipes at proper depth – adhere to CPHEEO norms; laying of plastic pipes on
ground have come to notice; to be avoided;
• Filtration plants need not always be a rapid sand one;
• Recommend for radial distribution system, if feasible, for village with multiple
habitations;
 In-village Infrastructure

• Suggest use of flow control valve that prohibits use of illegal motors;
• Suggest location of bathing and washing complex near the community toilets for ease
of use;
• In desert areas, cattle troughs may be suggested with 30 litres per head purely need
based;
• If a system requires retrofitting, but has >55 lpcd, augmentation through additional
source is not recommended unless, population projection demands;
• Taps with aerator may be included; avoid plastic taps; and
• Selection of pipe materials based on hydraulic performance, external conditions,
longevity, ease of laying and transport, cost, maintenance etc;
 Low cost options for O&M by communities

• Provide/ suggest only de-centralised scheme;

• Only for desert/ drought prone areas, suggest multi-village schemes with conjunctive
water use;

• As far as possible, avoid widespread location of in-village assets;

• Provide energy efficient star rated pumps;

• Conjunctive use of solar and electrical power;

• For forest/ tribal areas, adopt renewable energy based scheme;

 Low cost options for O&M by communities

• In hilly areas, select gravity based source (springs/ streams) instead adopting multi-
stage pumping scheme;

• If groundwater fails during summer, consider constructing storage tanks for harvested
rain water instead of new scheme from long distance source.

• Consider adopting prefabricated tanks - like Zinc-alume steel bolted liner tanks;
 Terrain Specific Solutions

Terrain Suggested Solution

Coastal/ Saline Desalination to be last resort.

areas Low cost desalination – Low Temperature Thermal Desalination
by NIOT
Cold Deserts Tapping water from sub-surface, pipe insulation, recirculation
with parallel pipe, keeping taps open, etc

Hilly areas Gravity based sources; springs with treatment; spring shed
development.
Drought prone/ Regional grids; rain water storage tanks.
Desert Areas
 Grey Water Management

• Augmented drinking water would generate more waste water;

• If unattended, this would lead to accumulation in low lying areas in village;

• To be part of the VAP/ Estimate;

• Convergence with SBM/ MGNREGS for funds;

• Technologies to be adopted as per the SBM Guidelines;

• Indicative technologies in SBM : Soak pits, Waste Stabilisation Ponds;
DEWATS;
• Reuse of treated grey water for agriculture/ plantation;
• To be designed to ensure that grey water and black water do not get mixed;
 Third Part Inspection Agency(TPIA)
• Undertake combined inspection before payment – GP/ VWSC, PHED/RWS and TPIA;
• Inspect both in-village and non-in-village infrastructures;
• Inspection to cover civil, mechanical and electrical works;
• Quality control measures adopted at the time of construction in the field;

• Ascertain material quality – testing certificates by accredited labs;

• Ascertain the quality of machinery used in works – size/ numbers commensurate with
quantum of work; performance efficiency (frequent breakdowns, poor battery condition,
no fuel availability, sharing with other works etc);
• Concrete construction – check for cube test results and standard deviation;
• Non-destructive tests for ascertaining the quality of existing assets;
 Third Part Inspection Agency(TPIA)

• Quantity of work executed – based on DPR/ estimates;

• Safety measures adopted at the time of construction in the field;

• Recommendations on the payment for the work executed;

• Functioning of the in-village infrastructure during trial run;

• Follow up see whether payment is made within 30-45 days of inspection; and

• Any other work as decided by the State Government/ UT Administration.

Thank you