ROCKS and ROCK

CYCLE
 ROCKS
Characteristics and Formation of Rocks

They are naturally

occurring solid
aggregates of one or
more minerals or
mineraloids.
 Characteristics and Formation of Rocks

3 Classification of Rocks
A. IGNEOUS ROCKS

B. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

C. METAMORPHIC ROCKS
 Characteristics and Formation of Rocks
3 Classification of Rocks

A. IGNEOUS ROCKS
It is derive from the Latin word,
“igneus” meaning “fiery” or “on
fire”.
 Characteristics and Formation of Rocks
3 Classification of Rocks

2 types of IGNEOUS ROCKS:

1. CRYSTALLINE
a. Intrusive or Plutonic
It was very cooled slowly that produce
coarse-grained texture.
Examples: Diorite
 Characteristics and Formation of Rocks
3 Classification of Rocks

2 types of IGNEOUS ROCKS:

1. CRYSTALLINE
b. Extrusive or volcanic
Fine-grained and sometimes cooled very
rapidly that no crystal are formed
Examples:

Pumice Basalt
 Characteristics and Formation of Rocks
3 Classification of Rocks

INTRUSIVE EXTRUSIVE

GRANITE RHYOLITE
 Characteristics and Formation of Rocks
3 Classification of Rocks

INTRUSIVE EXTRUSIVE

DIORITE ANDESITE
 Characteristics and Formation of Rocks
3 Classification of Rocks

INTRUSIVE EXTRUSIVE

GABBRO BASALT
 Characteristics and Formation of Rocks
3 Classification of Rocks

2 types of IGNEOUS ROCKS:

1. CRYSTALLINE
c. Porphyritic
Magma body intrudes into a shallow depth near
Earth’s surface and begins to crystallize slowly
Examples: Andesite

Granite
 Characteristics and Formation of Rocks
3 Classification of Rocks

2 types of IGNEOUS ROCKS:

2. Pyroclastic Rocks
Those which form from the fragments of
ejected volcanic material
Examples: Tuff

Pumice
 Characteristics and Formation of Rocks
3 Classification of Rocks

B. Sedimentary Rocks
are formed by
deposition of either
clastic sediments,
organic matter, or
chemical precipitates,
followed by compaction
of the particulate matter
and cementation.
 Characteristics and Formation of Rocks
3 Classification of Rocks

3 ways in which Sedimentary Rocks form

1. Clastic Sedimentary rocks
 rocks that can
be formed
from the
lithification.
 Characteristics and Formation of Rocks
3 Classification of Rocks
LITHIFICATION
3 ways in which Sedimentary
Characteristics and Formation of Rocks
3 Classification of Rocks

Rocks form
2. Crystalline Sedimentary rocks

 formed when mineral

constituents
precipitate out of
solution.
3 ways in which Sedimentary
Characteristics and Formation of Rocks
3 Classification of Rocks

Rocks form
3. Bioclastic Sedimentary rocks
 formed from the COQUINA

compaction and
concentration of
plant and/or
animals.
 Characteristics and Formation of Rocks

C. Metamorphic 3 Classification of Rocks

Rocks
Rocks that are changed
by heat, pressure, and
the chemical activity
of fluids.
 Characteristics and Formation of Rocks
3 Classification of Rocks

Common Metamorphic Rocks

A. Foliated Rocks
1. Slate
Very fine – grained foliated
rock composed of minute
mica flakes.
 Black slate contains organic
material, red slate gets its
color from iron oxide, and
green slate is usually
composed of chlorite.
 Characteristics and Formation of Rocks
3 Classification of Rocks

Common Metamorphic Rocks

A. Foliated Rocks
2. Phyllite
 represents a gradation in
metamorphism between
slate and schist. Its
constituent platy materials
are larger than those in
slate but not large enough
to be clearly identifiable.
 Characteristics and Formation of Rocks
3 Classification of Rocks

Common Metamorphic Rocks

A. Foliated Rocks
3. Schists
 are strongly foliated
rocks that can be
readily split into thin
flakes or slab.
 Characteristics and Formation of Rocks
3 Classification of Rocks

Common Metamorphic Rocks

B. Non-foliated Rocks
1. Marble
Pure marble is white and
composed essentially of
mineral calcite.
Often contains impurities
that color the rock into
different colors like pink,
gray, green or even black.
 Characteristics and Formation of Rocks
3 Classification of Rocks

Common Metamorphic Rocks

B. Non-foliated Rocks
2. Quartzite
A very hard rock most
often formed from
quartz sandstone.
Color white that is
commonly contains
some iron oxide and
thus appear pink to red.