DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : G. Bharathi
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Mechanical Engg.
Institute : MRAGR Govt. Polytechnic,
Vizianagaram
Year/Semester : V Semester
Subject : Fluid Power Systems
Subject Code : M-503
Topic : Oil Power Hydraulics
Duration : 50 Minutes
Sub Topic : Hydraulic Circuits
Teaching Aids : Diagrams and Charts

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 OBJECTIVES

On completion of this period, you would be able to know

• What is a control valve

• Functions of control valves

• Classification of control valves

• Rating of control valves

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 Recap
• What is a hydraulic circuit?

• What are the essential components of a hydraulic

circuit?

• Where can you find the applications of hydraulic

circuits?

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Hydraulic circuit
Figure 1

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HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT

Figure 2

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 Hydraulic circuit

• In a hydraulic system, the pump directs the flow of oil

which is be fed to the cylinder or other actuators.

• The pressure energy is fed to the actuator through a

number of control blocks called valves.

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 VALVE

• Valve is a device which is used to control the

flow of a fluid.

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CONTROL VALVES

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Control valves are the devices that are expected
to control

• Blocking or stopping of flow

• Direction of flow
• Pressure of flow media
• Flow quantity
• Other special functions

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 FUNCTIONS OF CONTROL VALVES

• To regulate the pressure through a system

• To maintain constant pressure ratio between
output and input to actuator
• To control and limit flow to the actuator
• To relieve the pressure

M503.9 10
Contd..

FUNCTIONS OF CONTROL VALVES

• To start and shut off the flow

• To maintain the direction of flow
• To effect quick disposal of exhausting oil
• To perform predetermined operations.

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Classification of control valves

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Control valves
Pressure control valves

Direction control valves

Flow control valves

Chart No. 1
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 Pressure control valves

• The function of a pressure control valve is to regulate the

pressure of a flowing fluid through a hydraulic system.

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Pressure control valves
Relief valve

Sequence valve

Pressure reducing valve

Counter balance valve

Unloading valve

Pressure compensating valve

Chart No. 2
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 Direction control valves

• Direction control valves are employed in a

hydraulic system to determine the direction of
the fluid in the hydraulic circuit.

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 Classification of Direction Control Valves

1. Based on construction

Direction control valve

Poppet valve Spool valve

Sliding spool valve Rotary spool valve

Chart No. 3
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 Classification of Direction Control valves

2. Based on valve actuation

• Manually operated
• Mechanically operated
• Hydraulically operated
• Pneumatically operated
• Electrically operated
• Electro-pneumatically operated
• Electro-hydraulically operated
• Remote operated

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Classification of Direction Control Valves

3.Based on flow path through a valve

• One-way valve
• Two-way valve
• Three-way valve
• Four-way valve
• Five-way valve

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4.Based on the centre position of the valve

• Open centre valve

• Closed centre valve
• Tandem centre valve
• Float centre valve

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 Flow control valves

• These are employed to control the flow rate of fluid

through a hydraulic circuit.

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Flow control valves are categorized as

• Non-compensated control valve

• Compensated control valve
• Pilot check valve
• Decompression valve

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Rating of control valves

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 Rating of control valves

• Rating of a control valve is specifying the unit of

the valve.

• It is a useful data that helps the selection of the

valve for a particular use in the hydraulic circuit.

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 Rating of control valves

A pressure control valve is rated for the pressure

parameter to indicate the operating pressure,
regulating or relieving pressure etc.,

Ex : 5bar, 10bar, 12bar etc.,

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 Rating of control valves

A direction control valve is rated for the ways in

which it allows the fluid to pass through.

Ex : 5/2valve, 3/2valve etc.,

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 Rating of control valves

Flow control valve is rated for the quantity or volume

of flow it conveys, controls and regulates in a given
time.

Ex : 10m3/min, 5m3/min, non-return valve etc.,

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 Rating of control valves
• The rating is done by connecting the valve to a supply
source of oil and a flow meter in series.

• Gauges are connected at inlet and outlet points

• Actual flow rate can be arrived at using mathematical

calculations or by interpolating the valve characteristics
supplied by the manufacturer.

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 Summary

We have discussed

• Functions of control valves

• Classification of control valves

• Rating of control valves

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QUIZ

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1. A control valve is a device used for regulating

(a) pressure of flowing fluid

(b) direction of flowing fluid

(c) flow of fluid

(d) a, b and c

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2. Spool valve is a

(a) Pressure control valve

(b) Direction control valve

(c) Flow control valve

(d) None of these

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3. A flow control valve is rated for

(a) Operating pressure

(b) Direction

(c) Volume of fluid flowing

(d) Relieving pressure

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 Frequently Asked Questions in Examination

1. What are the functions of control valves ?

2. How do you classify the control valves?

3. What is meant by rating of control valves and how is

it done?

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 Assignment Questions

• Observe any one application of hydraulic circuit and list out

different types of valves used and also mention their rating.

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