Polygons

Engr. Jordan Ronquillo

A polygon is a plane figure with three or more angles. It has
many sides as angles.

The sides of the polygon are straight lines. The term

“Polygon” comes from Greek words “poly” which means
“many” and “gonia” which means “angles”.

A regular polygon is a polygon having all sides equal and all

angles equal.
Properties of a Polygon

1. The side or edge of a polygon is one of the line segments

that make up the polygon. Adjacent sides are pairs of
sides that share a common endpoint.
2. The vertices of a polygon are the end points of each side
of the polygon.
3. A diagonal of a polygon is a line segment joining two
non-adjacent vertices of the polygon.
4. An interior angle is the angle formed by two adjacent
sides inside the polygon.
5. An exterior angle is an angle that is adjacent to and
supplementary to an interior angle of the polygon.
Types of Polygon

1. Equiangular Polygon
A polygon is equiangular if all of its angles are congruent.

2. Equilateral Polygon
A polygon is equilateral if all of its sides are equal.

3. Regular polygon
Regular polygons are both equiangular and equilateral.
4. Irregular Polygon
A polygon that is neither equiangular nor equilateral is
said to be an irregular polygon.

5. Convex Polygon
Every interior angle is less than 180°. If a line is drawn
through the convex polygon, the line will intersect at
most two sides.

6. Concave Polygon
A concave polygon has at least one interior angle that
measures more than 180°. If a line is drawn through a
concave
Sides of a Polygon
Similar Polygons

Two polygons are similar if their corresponding interior

angles are congruent, and their corresponding sides are
proportional. Similar polygons have the same shape but
differ in size.

A proportion is an expression of equality between two

ratios. That is, if two ratios a:b and c:d are equal, then the
equation a/b=c/d is a proportion. Thus, you can say that a
and b are proportional to c and d.
Consider the similar polygons below
Area of a Polygon
Example 1

Find the area and perimeter of a regular pentagon of side 7

centimeters.
Example 2

The number of diagonals of a regular polygon is 65. Find

the name and perimeter of the polygon if its apothem
measures 10 cm.
 
Example 3

One side of a regular polygon is 12.5 cm. If the central

angle is 40. Determine the perimeter of the regular
polygon.
 
Example 4.

Find the area of the largest regular hexagon that can be cut
from an equilateral triangle whose area is 81.
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