DRAW 24

CADD 2D
Introduction to Drafting
Drafting is the process of
representing an object or idea by
means of various lines.

Drafting helps in the production of

economically useful articles.
A Drawing is the reflection of
the visible mind. On its surface
we can probe, test, and
develop the workings of the
peculiar vision.

– Edward Hill
Introduction to Graphics
Communication
Graphics Communication
is an effective means of
communicating technical
ideas and problem
solutions.
Engineering Design Process

VISUALIZIN
G

SKETCHING

MODELING

DETAILING
VISUALIZING – see the problems
and the possible solutions.

SKETCHING – made to record initial

ideas.

MODELING - creation of geometric

models are made for analisys, out of
the sketches made.

DETAILING – creation of 3-D models

to record the precise data needed
for the production process.
 Conceptual Framework for Production

INPUT PROCES OUTPU

- Societal S T
Concerns - Designing
- Customer - Final product
- Planning or outcome
needs/
demands - Producing &
- Material Constructing
- Capital - Managing
- Energy - Marketing
- Time - Financing
- Human - Documenting
Knowledge
- Human Skills
Seat Work:

On a piece of paper, think of a machine you wanted

to create guided by the conceptual framework.

INPUT PROCES OUTPUT

Write down S What would
the problems Sketch the be the Title
you have machine you
observed in wanted to
or the Name
the create to solve of the
environment the problem. machine?
and the
solution for the
problem
according to
your
specialization.
AutoCAD
AutoCAD was released in 1982 by
Autodesk, Inc., which was a small
company at that time. It was designed
to be used for PCs only. Since then
AutoCAD has enjoyed the biggest user
base in the world in the CAD
business. Users can use AutoCAD for
both 2D and 3D drafting and
designing. AutoCAD can be used for
architectural, structural, mechanical,
electrical, environmental, and
manufacturing drawings and for road
and highway designs.
Fundamentals before using
the AutoCAD
1. Coordinate Space
The Cartesian Coordinate System ,
commonly used in mathematics and
graphics, locates the positions of
geometric forms in 2-D and 3-D
space. This system first was
introduced by the French
Mathematician Rene Descartes.
Based on this system, for every point
in space, a set of real numbers can
be assigned, and for each set of real
numbers, there is a unique point in
space.
A 2-D coordinate system
establishes an origin at the
intersection of two mutually
perpendicular axes, labelled X
(horizontal) and Y (Vertical). The
origin is assigned the coordinate
values of 0,0. Values to the right of
the origin are considered positive,
and those to the left are negative
and vice versa. The numbers
assigned to each point are called
coordinates.
The first assigned number is X, and the
second is Y.
Kinds of Coordinates
- Polar Coordinates
- Absolute Coordinates
- Relative Coordinates
Polar Coordinates

Specify a distance
and an angle from
the origin (0,0).
Absolute Coordinates

Always are referenced to the

origin (0,0)
Relative Coordinates

Always are
referenced to a
previously defined
location and are
sometimes referred to
as delta coordinates
or “changing”.
Two Types of Coordinate Systems

1.World Coordinate System

2. Local Coordinate System
1. World Coordinate System
(Also known as the origin) is the stationary or
reference system where the geometry is
defined and stored. It uses a set of three
letters (x, y, z)

2. Local Coordinate
System
Is a moving system
that can be positioned
any where in 3-D
space by the user to
assist the construction
of geometry.
Activity No. 1

1. Using a graphing paper, draw or

sketch the x and y axes for the
Cartesian coordinate system, then
locate point A at 2,3; point B at -2,5;
Point C at -3, -2; and point D at 4,-1
2. Using the same Cartesian plane
constructed in number 1, construct
line AB using endpoints -1,-2 and
-3,-4.
3. Using the same Cartesian plane,
construct line MN with the first
endpoint at 1,1 and the second
endpoint at 45 degrees and a
distance of 1”.
4. Using the same 5. Create another
graph paper, construct Cartesian Plane and
another Cartesian construct a figure
plane and draw a using the following
figure using the relative coordinate
following absolute values:
coordinate values.

0,0 0,0
3,0 4,0
3,2 0,3
0,2 -4,0
0,0 0,-3