Sel Tubuh Manusia

Oleh: dr. M Faiq Sulaifi

Kuliah Anatomi Fisiologi
Program S1 Ilmu Keperawatan
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH
LAMONGAN
Pengertian
 Cells are the structural and functional units of all living organisms.
 Some organisms, such as bacteria, are unicellular, consisting of a
single cell.
 Other organisms, such as humans, are multicellular, indicating that
humans are made up of many cells
 Ukuran Sel
 Most cells are microscopic, with the average size ranging from 10 to 30 μm
in diameter. The largest cell in the body is the female ovum, which is
approximately 500 μm in diameter and is just visible to the naked eye.
 The erythrocyte of blood is the smallest cell, being about 7.5 μm in
diameter. The longest cell, which can measure up to 1 m in length, is the
neuron but even these are microscopically thin.
 Bagian Sel
Sebuah sel yang khas, seperti yang terlihat oleh mikroskop cahaya, terdiri dari
tiga komponen dasar:
Membran sel
Sitoplasma
Nukleus
 Membran Sel
 The plasma membrane consists of 45–50% lipids, 45–50% proteins, and 4–8%
carbohydrates.
 The carbohydrates combine with lipids to form glycolipids and with proteins to
form glycoproteins. The glycocalyx is the collection of glycolipids,
glycoproteins, and carbohydrates on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.
 The predominant lipids of the plasma membrane are phospholipids and
cholesterol. Phospholipids readily assemble to form a lipid bilayer, a double
layer of phospholipid molecules. Phospholipids permit lipid-soluble materials
to easily enter or leave the cell by diffusion through the cell membrane.
 The proteins have several functions: Some form channels or pores to permit
passage of materials such as water or ions; others are carrier enzymes or
transporters that also help substances enter the cell.
Membran Sel
 Sitoplasma
 Cytoplasm is a watery solution of minerals, gases, organic
molecules, and cell organelles that is found between the cell
membrane and the nucleus.
 Cytosol is the water portion of cytoplasm, and many chemical
reactions take place within it.
 Cell organelles are intracellular structures, often bounded by their
own membranes, that have specific functions in cellular metabolism.
Organela
Sistem Transport
Difusi
Osmosis
Difusi Difasilitasi
Transport Aktif
Transpor Aktif Sekunder
Pinositosis
Fagositosis
Ribosom dan Retikulum Endoplasma
Transkripsi DNA
Sintesis Protein
Aparatus Golgi
Lisosom
Mitokondria
Sitoskeleton

Functions:
1. Serves as a scaffold that helps to
determine a cell’s shape and to
organize the cellular contents.
2. Aids movement of organelles
within the cell, of chromosomes
during cell division, and of whole
cells such as phagocytes.
Sentrosom
Cilia dan Flagela
Nukleus
Organisasi DNA
Siklus Sel
Replikasi DNA
Replikasi
Kromosom
Mitosis
Jazakumullah Khairan