Stoichiometric Calculations

Review Of Fundamentals
• Atomic Weights
• Molecular Weights
• Formula Weights
• Dalton-------to express the masses of large proteinaceous substances
such as chromosomes, ribosomes, viruses etc.
• 1Dalton=1.661×10-24g
Mole-The basic unit for equating things
• 
• Moles=
• Milimoles=
• Note that g/mole is equivalent to milligram/mmole
Examples
• 0.005g ofNaCl
How to express concentration of solution?
• Molarity
• Normality
• Formailty
• Molality
• Percentage Concentration
Molarity
•  Molarity is expressed as moles/litre or mmoles/ml
• Expressed as M

• Molarity=
• Molarity=
Example
• A solution is prepared by dissolving 1.26g of Silver Nitrate in 250mL.
Calculate the molarity of silver nitrate . How many milimoles were
dissolved?
• Calculate the molar concentration of ethanol in aqueous solution that
contains 2.30g of ethanol in 3.50L of solution?0.014M
• Describe the preparation of 2.00L of 0.108M
BaCl2.2H2O(244.3g/mole)……………..mass in g=? 52.8g
Example
• How many g/mL are contained in 0.250M solution?
• Analytical Molarity
• Equilibrium Molarity
• NaCl………………..Na+ Cl-
• H2SO4………………2H+ S04
• Calculate the analytical and equilibrium molarity of H2SO4 in aqueous solution
that contains 285mg of H2So4 in 10.0mL?
• M=o.291M mmoles=2.91
• H+=2*2.91=5.82mmoles sulphate ion=2.91mmoles
• M=5.82/10=0.582M =0.291
Example
•  How many grams
Density Calculations-How do we convert to
molarity?
•  Commercial acids and bases are usually given in terms of % by weight.
• To prepare molar solution it is necessary to have knowledge about
density.
• Molarity=
Exercise Q.No.22
• Calculate the molarity of 70% HClO4 , density 1.1668
• 69%HNO3 , specific gravity 1.409
• How many mililitres of concentrated sulphuric acis, 94% ,density
1.831 are required to prepare 1 L of a 0.100M solution?
• How many mililitres of concentrated hydrochloric acid,38% specific
gravity of 1.19 are required to prepare 1L of 0.100M solution?
Normality
•  One Normal solution is one equivalent per liter .
• No. Of equivalents dissolved per liter of solution.

• Normality=

• Equivalents=
• Equivalent mass=
•  Calculate the equivalent weight of Sulphuric acid.

• In sulphuric acid there are two replaceable protons so,

• Equivalent Weight=

Equivalent Weight==49g/mole
•  Calculte the Normality of (i) 98 g of Sulphuric acid in 1L
• (ii) 90 g of oxalic acid in 1L

• N=
• Equivalents=
• No. Of equivalents=
• N==2 Equiv/L
Formality-Instead of Molarity
• Formality is numerically same as Molarity
• Only scientist use it sometimes to mention the concentration of ionic
salts that donot exist as molecules.
• But generally in common practice Molarity is used
Molarity calculations
• Calculate the molarity of each of the following solutions
• (a) 10.0g of H2SO4 in 250mL of solution
• (b) 6.og of NaOH in500mL of solution
• © 25.0g of silver nitrate in 1.00L of solution
• A solution containing 10.0mmoles of CaCl2 diluted to 1L.calculate the
no. of grams of CaCl2 .2H2O per milliliter of final solution.