PLCC

OUTDOOR
EQUIPMENTS
OR
COUPLING DEVICES
 OUTDOOR EQUIPMENTS
•Coupling Capacitor
•Wave Trap
•LMU( Line Matching Unit)
•Drainage Coil
•Lightning Arrestor
•Earthing Switch
 OUTDOOR EQUIPMENTS

EHT Power Transmission Line (220kV)

0.5 mH

Coupling
2200 Pf
Capacitor •Coupling capacitor offers low
To Power Equipment impedance for HF signal & very high
impedance for Power frequency
•The capacitance depends upon the
LMU Line Voltage
P
L
•CVT can perform the function of CC
C
C
COUPLING
CAPACITOR
CVT
 OUTDOOR EQUIPMENTS

EHT Power Transmission Line (220kV)

0.5 mH

Coupling
2200 Pf
Capacitor •Line Matching Unit is basically a
To Power Equipment Matching transformer
•Matching transformer is designed for
maximum power transfer of carrier
LMU signal to the EHT line
P
L
•It also gives Electrical Isolation from
C
C
the EHT circuit

C0-axial cable
 EHT line

CC
LMU

Matching Transformer
PLCC
Eqpt.

Tuning Device

Earth
LMU
 OUTDOOR EQUIPMENTS

EHT Power Transmission Line (220kV)

0.5 mH

Coupling
2200 Pf
Capacitor •Drainage Coil provides path for
To Power Equipment <100mA leakage Power frequency current.
•DC offers high impedance for Carrier
signal
DC
LMU
50mH
•It also provides second earthing for
P
L CC.
C •DC along with MT guarantee a
C
continuity of earth connection
 OUTDOOR EQUIPMENTS

EHT Power Transmission Line (220kV)

0.5 mH

Coupling
2200 Pf
Capacitor •Lightning Arrestor protects the PLCC
To Power Equipment <100mA equipment from power system
abnormalities.
•It limits voltage surges coming from
LMU LA power line at the terminals of the
P DC
L coupling device.
C
C
•1kV LA is usually used
 OUTDOOR EQUIPMENTS

EHT Power Transmission Line (220kV)

0.5 mH

Coupling
2200 Pf
Capacitor •Earthing Switch is used for safely
To Power Equipment <100mA working in the LMU and accessories
during maintenance.

LMU LA
P DC
L E/S
C
C
 OUTDOOR EQUIPMENTS

EHT Power Transmission Line (220kV)

WT
0.5 mH
•Wave trap is used for blocking carrier
Coupling
2200 Pf
signal through Sub Station
Capacitor
equipments.
To Power Equipment <100mA
•This offers large impedance for
Carrier frequency and very low
impedance for Power frequency
LMU LA
P DC •WT is designed for carrying full load
L E/Sline current
C
C
 OUTDOOR EQUIPMENTS

EHT Power Transmission Line (220kV)

WT
0.5 mH
•Wave trap consist of main coil having
Coupling
2200 Pf
inductance of 0.5mH
Capacitor
•Tuning pot connected in parallel to
To Power Equipment <100mA
the main coil for creating blocking
band which is an R L C circuit
•Lightning arrester is provided for
LMU LA
P DC suppressing induced voltage at the
L E/Stime line short circuits.
C
C
WAVETRAP
WAVETRAP
 COUPLING TO POWER LINE

STATION A STATION B

Wave Trap EHT Power Transmission Line Wave Trap

0.5 mH 50 Hz + Communication Signal

Coupling Coupling
Capacitor 2200 Pf Capacitor
To Power Equipment
KHz
KHz ES E.S L.A LMU
P
LMU LA L
P Drainage Coil C
L 50 mH C
C Drainage Coil
C
 TYPES OF COUPLING

1. Phase to Ground
2. Phase to Phase
3. Inter Circuit Coupling
 PHASE TO GROUND

S T S T
A A
T I T I
O O
NA N B

PLCC LMU LMU PLCC

 PHASE TO PHASE

S T S T
A A
T I T I
O O
NA N B

PLCC LMDU LMU LMU LMDU PLCC

 LMDU
R PHASE

Balancing Transformer

LMU
B PHESE

EARTH PLCC

LMU
Next phase

EARTH
 INTERCIRCUIT COUPLING

S T S T
A A
T I T I
O O
NA N B

PLCC LMDU LMU LMU LMDU PLCC

Wave trap 1250A,0.5mH, 50-
450kHz blocking frequency
Tuning Device
Wave trap1600A ,P-P arrangement
220kV CC, 2200pf
220kV CVT
CVT &Composite LMU
Composite LMU
TESTING OF COUPING EQUIPMENTS
 COUPLING CAPACITOR

TESTS

1. Construction Check
2. Insulation Resistance Measurement
3. Power frequency withstand voltage test
4. Capacitance and tangent of loss angle measurement
Construction Check

Dimensions
Accessories
Finishing
Name plates
Terminal marking etc. with approved drawings
 Insulation Resistance Measurements

Testing equipment- Insulation resistance tester (1000V)

Insulation resistance between LV terminal & Earth >2000M ohm
Power Frequency Voltage withstand Test

Apply power frequency for 1 minute

For 66kV 140kV at HV side & 10kV for LV side

Capacitance & Tangent of Loss angle Measurement

Specified limits
Capacitance - + 5%
Tan Delta – Not more than 0.5%
Standard capacitance

220kV- 2200pf
110kV-4400pf
66kV -8800pf
 LMU
TESTS

Routine tests

1. Construction Check
2. Power frequency Voltage test
3. Composite loss
4. Return loss
5. Impulse voltage test (type)
Construction Check

Construction
Appearance
Dimensions
Name plates
Terminal marking etc. with approved drawings
Power frequency withstand test

Power frequency voltage of 5kV r.m.s shall be applied for 1 minute

between each coil in turn and earth while the other winding being
connected to earth.
Composite Loss

Definition:
It is the loss caused by the coupling device and associated coupling
capacitors (assumed as no loss) terminated by nominal line side and
equipment side impedance.
The Nominal Line side Impedances

For Phase to Earth coupling, between 200ohms and 400ohms

Phase to phase in the range of 400ohms to 700ohms
Nominal Equipment side impedance

75ohms Unbalanced or
150ohms balanced
Any other value shall be specified by the purchaser
 Composite Loss measuring Circuit

Z2
Level LMU
osc

Z1
Vo EQPT SIDE LINE SIDE V
LMDU c

Z1- Nominal line side impedance

Z2- Nominal equipment side impedance
Vo,V- High ohmic voltmeters
C- Capacitance of CC
 Composite Loss measurement

Z2
Level LMU
osc

Z1
Vo EQPT SIDE LINE SIDE V
LMDU c

Composite loss Ac=20log 10 Vo/2V{sqrt(Z1/Z2)}dB

Measurement shall be carried out for several frequencies in the available bandwidth
Ac should not be greater than 2dB
THIS IS IN ACCORDANCE WITH CLAUSE 12.1 IEC 481(1974)
RETURN LOSS

Definition
It is the reflection of signal power resulting from the insertion of a
device in a transmission line. It is usually expressed as a ratio in dB
relative to the transmitted signal power.
 BASIC TEST CIRCUIT

SIGNAL GENERATOR

SPLITTING TRANS
Vo
C

LMU
LMDU Z2
Z1 J HV LV
E
V

C- Capacitance of CC
V, Vo- High impedance Voltmeters
J- Interrupter
 Return loss Measurement

SIGNAL GENERATOR

SPLITTING TRANS
Vo
C

Z1 HV Z2
J LV
V
E

RETURN LOSS A= 20log10 V1/V2(dB)

Where V1 is the Voltage of V when J is on
V2 is the voltage of V when J is off
While Vo is constant
 Return loss measurement using Electronica SLM
SLM

MEASURING
HV
Z1 FIELD
E LMU LV Z2

LMDU
C

OSC
C- Capacitance of CC
Z1- Nominal Line side impedance (600 ohms)
Z2- Nominal equipment side impedance (75ohms)
SLM reading directly gives the return loss
It should be greater than 12dB
Measurement shall be carried out for several frequencies in the available bandwidth
THIS IS IN ACCORDANCE WITH CLAUSE 12.2 IEC 481(1974)
Impulse Voltage Test

The winding shall withstand 1.2/50 micro second pulses applied in

sequence (5 negative and 5 positive pulses) having twice the value of
impulse spark over voltage of the Lightning Arrester.
Other details Matching transformer & Drain Coil

Impedance between primary and earth shall not be greater than 20ohms
Current carrying capacity:
Continuous- 1A r m s
Short time – 50A for 0.2 Sec
Power rating- 650W approx

Inductance of DC-50mH
LA Rating

Voltage- 1kV approx

Current – 5kA for 0.2 Sec
Routine Tests on LMU

Composite loss
Return loss
Power frequency with stand
 TESTING OF WAVE TRAPS

1. Construction checks of WT including HW

2. Tapping loss & rated tapping loss
3. Measurement of Inductance of Main coil
4. PF voltage withstand on Tuning pot
5. PF spark over voltage on LA
Construction Check

Construction
Appearance
Dimensions
Name plates
Terminal marking etc. with approved drawings
 Tapping & Rated tapping loss

Definition

The tapping loss is a measure of the loss of power sustained by a carrier

frequency signal due to the finite blocking ability of the WT.
It is the ratio of the signal voltages across an impedance equal to the
characteristic impedance of the line with and without shunt connection of the
trap.
 CIRUIT FOR MEASURING TAPPING LOSS

Z1

S1
WT

SLM
LEV Z1
OSC
2
1 3
L

LEVEL READING SET TO A VALUE SAY +10dB WHILE S1 OPEN

THE DIFFERENCE IN READING WITH S1 CLOSED IS TAPPING LOSS
 MEASURING RATED TAPPING LOSS

Z1

S1
WT

SLM
LEV Z1
OSC
2
1 3
L

THE RATED TAPPING LOSS IS THE LOSS WITH THE PURE RESISIVE
COMPONNENT ONLY WHICH IS DETERMINED BY ADDING
CAPACITOR & INDUCTOR
TAPPING LOSS/RATED TAPPING LOSS SHOULD NOT EXCEED 2.6 dB
 BLOCKING IMPEDANCE

BLOCKING IMPEDANCE IS
Z1/{ANTILOG(RTL/20)-1}/2

FOR2.6dB TAPPING LOSS THE BLOCKING

IMPEDANCE SHALL BE 1.41 TIMES LINE
IMPEDANCE
FOR 400 OHMS, BLOCKING IMPEDANCE
SHALL BE 570 OHMS
OTHER TYPE TESTS

Temperature rise measurement in loading

Impulse voltage test
PF Voltage test on Tuning pot
Short time current tests
 CO-AXIAL CABLES

Better immunity to noise and external interference than twisted pairs

Can provide much higher BW than twisted pairs
Signal attenuation is less
Usually using characteristic impedance of 75 ohms
EARTHING
 EARTHING LMU

Provide 2 nos earthing from LMU body

The Matching transformer primary LV terminal shall be earthed
Secondary winding should not be earthed in the yard
EARTHING INSIDE THE CARRIER ROOM

1.Earth bus shall be radially connected to Sub Station earthing

2.Earth bus shall be insulated from ground?
3.Coaxial armoring shall be connected to earth bus
4.PLCC: +ve usually connected to the panel frame.
5.PLCC body also connected to earth bus
MAINTENANCE OF COUPLING EQUIPMENTS

1.Tightening Power connections

2.Checking AC voltage across the DC which will be around 1V
3.Cleaning of insulator parts
MAINTENANCE OF COUPLING EQUIPMENTS

1.Tightening Power connections

2.Checking AC voltage across the DC which will be around 1V
3.Cleaning of insulator parts