Steam Formation

Steam Properties
Wet steam, dry saturated steam, superheated steam
Dryness Fraction: It is defined as the ratio of mass of
dry steam present in a known quantity of wet steam
to total mass of wet steam. It is denoted by x
x= Mass of dry steam present in wet steam/mass of
wet steam
x= mg/mf+mg

Where mg= mass of dry steam &

mf = mass of suspended water
particles
Sensible heat: It is the amount of heat required to
raise the temperature of 1kg of water from 0oc
to saturation temperature(ts) at given pressure.
It is denoted by hf.
Latent heat of evaporation: It is the amount of
heat required to convert 1kg of water at the
saturation temperature(ts) to 1kg of dry
saturated steam at the same temperature(ts)
and at a given pressure.
Degree of superheat: It is defined as the difference
between superheat temperature(tsup) and the
saturation temperature(ts), i.e., Degree of
superheat=tsup-ts
Enthalphy steam: It is defined as the sum of
internal energy(U) and the product of
pressure(P) and volume(V). It is denoted by h
and expressed in KJ/Kg
Enthalphy h=U+PV
Specific Volume of steam: Volume occupied by
by a unit mass of steam at a given temperature
and pressure. It is expressed in m3/kg.

Internal Energy: The actual energy stored in the

steam is known as internal energy of steam
U= Enthalpy of steam-external work of
evaporation