PROPERTIES OF STEAM

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 PROPERTIES OF STEAM

1.Enthalpy or Total Heat of Water (hf)

2.Enthalpy of Wet Steam
3.Latent Heat of Steam (hfg)
4.Dryness Fraction (x)
5.Total Enthalpy of Saturated Steam
 ENTHALPY OR TOTAL HEAT OF WATER

Enthalpy or Total heat of water (h f)

It is defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of
water from 0°C to its boiling point or saturation temperature corresponding to the pressure
applied. It is also called enthalpy of saturated water pr liquid heat and is represented by h f.

hf = specific heat of water (C pw) (rise in temperature)

hf = (4.187) (Δt), kJ/kg

 ENTHALPY OF WET STEAM

Enthalpy of wet steam

It may be defined as the quantity of heat required to convert one
kilogram of water at 0°C, at constant pressure, into wet steam.
h = hf + x hfg
When steam is dry saturated, then x = 1
and h = hf + hfg
 LATENT HEAT OF STEAM

Latent heat of steam (hfg)

Latent heat of steam at a particular pressure may be
defined as a quantity of it required to convert one
kilogram of water at its boiling point into dry steam at
the same pressure. it is denoted by hfg
 DRYNESS FRACTION
Dryness fraction (x)
It is defined as the ratio mass of dry steam actually present to the mass of wet steam. It is
denoted by x.
Let ms = mass of a dry steam, kg

mw = mass of water vapor in steam, kg

x = dryness fraction of the sample

then x=
for dry steam mw = 0 and x=1

The quality of steam is the dryness fraction expressed as a percentage.

Wetness fraction = 1 – x =
 .

The wetness fraction expressed in percentage is called priming.

Total Enthalpy of Saturated Steam
Let Cps = specific heat of superheated steam
ts = temperature of formation of steam, °C
tsup = temperature of su[erheated heat, °C
Then heat of superheated steam hsup = Cps (tsup – ts)
hsup = (hf + hfg) + Cps (tsup – ts)
hsup = hg + Cps (tsup + ts)
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