LAWS OF MOTION

Objectives:
A. Discuss Newton’s second law
of motion
B. Determine the relationship of
mass, force and acceleration
C. Solve problems about second
law of acceleration
 The change in position with respect to a reference
object is known as
MOTION
 It is either a push or a pull which makes the object
moves

FORCE
 The amount of a material or a body

MASS
• It tells how fast an object moves. It’s unit
of measure can be mi/hr, km/hr, m/s.
SPEED
• It tells how fast an object moves and in
what direction.
VELOCITY
• __________________ is the rate of
Acceleration
change in speed or velocity.
  
 
ACTIVITY 4: FORCE AND
ACCELERATION
Objective of the activity:
 Describe how the net force acting on an
object affects its acceleration.
 Explain how object move based on the
relationship of net force, mass and
acceleration.
 MONSTER TRUCKS
 PROCEDURE
 Make a starting line on the floor
 Hold both ends of a rubber band.
 Pull the truck against the rubber band. As your partner starts
the stopwatch, let go of the truck.
 Record in your chart the time that the truck is in motion.
 Use a meterstick to measure the distance that the truck
travelled.
 Repeat steps 2 and 3 two times.
 For each trial, find the truck’s average speed by dividing the
distance traveled by the time elapsed.
 TRIAL DISTANCE TIME SPEED

TRUCK 1
ALONE

TRUCK WITH 1
MASS

3
ANALYSIS
How far did the truck go in the first
three trials?
How did changing the mass affect the
distance traveled or the truck’s speed?
What do you think would happen if you
added a second rubber band?
Acceleration 200
(cm/s22 )

150

100

50

1 2 3 4 Force (unit)

“ The acceleration of the object is directly proportional to the

net force acting upon it. “

a  Fnet ; mass = constant

 How does the net force acting on an object affect its
acceleration?
 As the net force increases, the acceleration also increases.

 What relationship exists between acceleration and

net force?
acceleration is
 When mass is constant

directly proportional to the net

force.
APPLICATION

1. An elevator car accelerates at 2 m/s2

when a net force of 1000 N acts on it.
How much force must be exerted for the
elevator car to accelerate at 4 m/s2? 1
m/s2?
 CLOSURE

“How does the picture relate to the idea that the

acceleration is directly proportional to the net force”? How
does it relate to teamwork in accomplishing a difficult task?
 MOVING ON…
Aside from the net force, what other factor may affect the acceleration of an
object?

Net
?
Force
Acceleration
WHAT IF THE MASS OF THE OBJECT
IS CHANGED AND THE FORCE IS
KEPT CONSTANT?
Force, F m
͠ a
Force, F m ͠
a

Acceleration is inversely proportional to

its mass when net force is constant.
 When the total mass of a trolley is 50 kg, it accelerates
at 4 m/s2 . What would be its acceleration when its
mass is as shown in the table below, assuming that the
man exerts the same force every time?

Mass in Kg Acceleration
in m/s2
50 4
100 ?
200 ?
25 ?
 COMBO DEAL

Net
Mass
Force
Directly proportional Inversely
(at constant mass) proportional
Acceleration
(at constant net
force)
 THEREFORE,

Second Law of Motion: Law of Acceleration

The acceleration of an object is directly

proportional to the magnitude of the net force
acting on it and is inversely proportional to its
mass.
MATHEMATICALLY,

In equation form, a = Fnet /m

In other form, Fnet = m.a

Units of measure of force:

Newton, N = kg. m/s2
Suppose the ball of mass 0.60 kg is hit
with a force of 12 N. What will be its
acceleration?
Assignment:
A. Solve the following word problems. Show
your solution.
1. What net force is required to accelerate a
car at a rate of 2m/s2 if the car has a mass
of 3,000 kg?
2. A 10 kg bowling ball would require what
force to accelerate down an alley at a rate
of 3 m/s2?