DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

Lecture
On
GATES
Delivered By:
Mr. RAJESH KUMAR
A.P.- ECE
 LOGIC GATES
• Logic gates are the fundamental building
blocks of digital system. Logic gates can be
constructed from DTL , RTL and TTL in such a
way that the circuit output is the result of
basic logic operation (AND, OR, NOT)
performed on the inputs. IT is simply a device
that has one or more inputs and one output.
 BASIC GATE
There are three basic gates(AOI) :
1. AND GATE
2. OR GATE
3. INVERTER (NOT) GATE
 AND GATE
TRUTH TABLE
X
X Y Z
Y
Z 0 0 0
0 1 0
SYMBOL
1 0 0

Z= X.Y 1 1 1
 OR GATE
TRUTH TABLE
X Y Z
0 0 0
0 1 1
SYMBOL
1 0 1

Z= X+Y 1 1 1
 INVERTER (NOT) GATE

TRUTH TABLE

X Y X Y

0 1
SYMBOL
1 0

Y= X’
 Universal Gate
• A universal gate is a gate which can be used to
build any logic circuit.
Types OF Universal Gates
There are two types of universal gates:
1. NAND Gate
2. NOR Gate
 NAND Gate

AND NOT

+
 NAND Gate

X
Y Z  XY X Y

X Y Z
0 0 1
0 1 1

1 0 1
1 1 0
9
NOR Gate

NOT

+
 NOR Gate
X

Y
Z XY X Y

X Y Z

0 0 1

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 0
11
 SPECIAL GATES
• There are two special gates:
• 1. Ex-OR Gate
• 2. Ex-NOR Gate
XOR Gate – Exclusive OR
X
Z  X Y  X Y  X Y
Y

X Y Z
0 0 0

0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
13
XNOR Gate – Exclusive NOR

X
Z XY XY  XY
Y

X Y Z
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
14
 Important Rule
AND Gate- Rule 
The unique output of the AND gate function is a high output only when
all inputs are high
 
OR Gate-Rule 
The unique output of the OR gate function is a Low output only when
all inputs are LOW
 
Not Gate or inverter- Rule  
If the voltage at the input of the inverter is Low, then the Output is
High. If the input voltage is High, then the output is Low.
 
•  
 Important Rule
NAND Gate- Rule 
The unique output is of the NAND function is a Low output
only when all inputs are High
 
NOR Gate-Rule 
The unique output of the NOR function is a High output only
when all inputs are Low
 
XOR Gate-Rule 
The unique output of the XOR gate is a High, only when an
odd number of inputs are High